Ukuphatha iimfuno kunye neziqinisekiso ze-ecommerce brand ngokuthumela iimpahla eziyingozi (DG) ngumba obalulekileyo wokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko, ukuthotyelwa, kunye nokwaneliseka kwabathengi. Ngokukhula kokuthandwa kwe-ecommerce, ukuthuthwa kwezinto eziyingozi kuye kwaxhaphaka ngakumbi, kufuna imigaqo engqongqo kunye nolawulo olunononophelo.
Nokuba uzithumela ngenqanawa iimveliso okanye ufezekiso lwangaphandle kunye nolungiselelo kumboneleli wolungiselelo womntu wesithathu, ishishini lakho linoxanduva lokulandela yonke imithetho nemimiselo enxulumene nokuphathwa nokuthumela, nakuphi na ukubhalwa ngendlela engeyiyo okanye ukuphathwa ngendlela engafanelekanga kwempahla ye-DG kunokukhokelela kwisohlwayo okanye okubi ngakumbi.
Nazi iimfuno zokuphatha ngokufanelekileyo, ukuzalisekisa, kunye nokuthumela izinto ezinobungozi.
Imizekelo yeeMveliso ze-Ecommerce zithathwa njengeeMpahla ezinobungozi (DG)
Zeziphi iiNdidi zeeMpahla eziNgozi?
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zeempahla eziyingozi. Ukuze zifakwe iilebhile ngokufanelekileyo kufuneka ziqale zihlulwe zibe yiklasi yengozi, le ngcaciso kufuneka ifakwe kwi-data sheet yokhuseleko (SDS) enikwe ngumenzi.
Nganye kwezi klasi zezinto ezinobungozi kunye nezinto ezinobungozi zinquma iimfuno ezithile zoqeqesho, iilebhile zokuthumela, kunye neendawo zokugcina ukusingatha ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuthutha okukhuselekileyo.
- Iziqhushumbisi zodidi loku-1
- Iigesi zeClass 2 kunye neegesi ezinokutsha
- I-Class 3 yolwelo olunokutsha kunye nolwelo olunokutsha
- Udidi lwesi-4 olunokutsha oluqinileyo, luvutha ngokukhawuleza kwaye luyingozi xa lumanzi
- Iklasi ye-5 ye-Oxidizer kunye ne-Organic Peroxide
- I-Class 6 Poison (Izinto ezinobuthi) kunye ne-Poison Inhalation Hazard
- Izixhobo ze-Radioactive zeKlasi yesi-7
- Class 8 Corrosive
- Iklasi 9 Ezohlukeneyo
Iintlobo zeeMveliso ezithathwa njengezinto ezinobungozi
Iibhetri zeLithium-ion: Izinto ezifana nee-smartphones, ii-laptops, iibhanki zamandla, kunye nezixhobo zombane eziqulethe iibhetri ze-lithium-ion zihlelwa njengempahla enobungozi ngenxa yobungozi bomlilo kunye nokuqhuma.
Iziqholo kunye Neziqholo: Iziqholo, iziqholo, nezinye iziqholo zidla ngokuba nezinto ezinokutsha, nto leyo ezenza zibe yingozi kuthutho.
Iimveliso zeAerosol: Iipeyinti zokutshiza, izipreyi zeenwele, izidedi, kunye nezinye iimveliso ze-aerosol zithathwa njengezinto ezinobungozi ngenxa yezikhongozeli zazo ezinoxinzelelo kunye neziqulatho ezinokutsha.
Ukucoca iikhemikhali: Iimveliso zokucoca ikhaya, kubandakanywa iblitshi, iammonia, kunye nezinye iikhemikhali, zinokuba yingozi ngenxa yeempawu ezinobungozi okanye ezinobungozi.
Iipeyinti kunye nezinyibilikisi: Ipeyinti, ivanishi, kunye ne-solvents ziqulethe i-volatile organic compounds (VOCs) kwaye inokutsha, ibenze ibe yingozi ekuthumeni.
Amayeza okubulala izinambuzane kunye nezitshabalalisi: Iimveliso ezisetyenziselwa ukulawula izinambuzane, ezifana nezitshabalalisi, imichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula, nemichiza yokubulala iinkuni, zinemichiza eyingozi ebantwini nakwindalo esingqongileyo.
Izinto zonyango: Izinto ezithile zonyango, ezifana nezinto zokuncamathelisa, izibulali ntsholongwane, kunye namayeza, zinokujongwa ziyingozi ngenxa yokwakheka kweekhemikhali okanye usetyenziso gwenxa.
Inkunkuma yombane (inkunkuma ye-e): Izixhobo zombane ezilahliweyo, iinxalenye, kunye neebhetri zinezinto eziyingozi ezifana nelothe, imekyuri, kunye necadmium, ezibeka umngcipheko wokusingqongileyo kunye nempilo ukuba aziphathwanga kakuhle kwaye azilahlwanga.
Ulwelo olunokutsha: Iimveliso ezifana namafutha, i-oyile, kunye nezinto zokuthambisa ezithile ziqulethe ulwelo olunokutsha kwaye zihlelwa njengempahla eyingozi ngenxa yobungozi bazo bomlilo.
Izinto eziPhambili: Izinto ezinjengeemela, iincakuba, nezinye izinto ezibukhali zijongwa njengezinto eziyingozi ngenxa yengozi yokwenzakala ngexesha lokuphatha nokuthutha.
IiMfuno eziNtathu eziphezulu zokuPhathwa ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokuPakisha iiMpahla ezinobungozi (DG)
Kubalulekile kwiimveliso ze-ecommerce ukuqonda ubume bolawulo obulawula ukuthuthwa kwempahla eyingozi. Imigaqo iyahluka ngokuxhomekeka kubume bempahla ezithunyelwayo, indlela yothutho, kunye nendawo ekuyiwa kuyo. Ngokomzekelo, kwiSebe lezoThutho lase-US (i-DOT) lilawula ukuthuthwa kwezinto ezinobungozi ngokusebenzisa iMithetho yeZitho ezinobungozi (HMR). Ngokufanayo, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kufuneka kuhambelane nemimiselo echazwe yimibutho efana ne-International Air Transport Association (IATA) kunye ne-International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code.
1. Imisebenzi noQeqesho
Phambi kokuba uqalise ukuthumela naziphi na izinto ze-DG, kunyanzelekile ukuba ufumane izatifikethi eziyimfuneko kunye noqeqesho lwabasebenzi ababandakanyekayo kwinkqubo yokuphatha kunye neyothutho. Oku kuquka uqeqesho lokupakishwa ngendlela eyiyo, ukuleyibhelishwa, ukubhalwa kwamaxwebhu, kunye neenkqubo zokusabela ngokungxamisekileyo. Izatifikethi ezifana noqeqesho lwe-DOT Hazmat kunye ne-IATA yeMigaqo yeMpahla eyiNgozi (i-DGR) ziyafuneka ngokuqhelekileyo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yolawulo.
2. Ukupakisha
Ukupakishwa okufanelekileyo kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuba izinto ezinobungozi zihamba ngokukhuselekileyo ngexesha lokuthumela ngenqanawa ukunciphisa umngcipheko weengozi okanye ukuvuza. Iimfuno zokupakisha zihlala zikhankanywa ngokusekwe kuhlelo lwezixhobo eziyingozi, ezinemigangatho eyahlukeneyo yokupakisha kwiindidi ezinje ngolwelo olunokutsha, izinto ezidlekayo, kunye nezinto eziyityhefu.
Imiyalelo yobugcisa kufuneka ihambe kunye nemveliso nganye echazwe njenge-DG kuwo nawuphi na umgca wendibano, i-pick and pack station, okanye umgca wokuzaliseka. Abanye abasebenzi bendawo yokugcina iimpahla banokufuna ukunxiba izixhobo zokukhusela xa bepakisha izinto ze-DG.
3. Iileyibhile kunye noXwebhu
Amaxwebhu achanekileyo ezinto zakho ezithile adlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni uthutho olukhuselekileyo lwempahla eyingozi. Ngenxa yokuba zininzi iintlobo zezinto ze-DG, ukuqonda iimfuno ezingqongqo kubalulekile.
Iimpawu ze-ecommerce kufuneka zileyibhelishe ngokuchanekileyo iipakethe eziqulethe izinto ezinobungozi ezineempawu ezinobungozi ezifanelekileyo, izilumkiso, kunye nemiyalelo yokuphatha. Umthumeli unoxanduva lokubonelela ngawo onke amaxwebhu achanekileyo, kubandakanywa umboniso wokuthumela, amaphepha edatha yokhuseleko lwezinto eziphathekayo (MSDS), kunye nolwazi lokuphendula oluphuthumayo, kufuneka luhambe kunye nokuthunyelwa kwempahla ukuze kunikwe ulwazi olubalulekileyo kubathwali kunye namagunya okulawula. Oku kusebenza kwiinqanawa zasekhaya kunye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ngokufanayo.
4. Iitshekhi zoLawulo loMgangatho
Uphicotho oluthe gqolo kunye nohlolo lubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthotyelwa okuqhubekayo kunye neemfuneko zokuphatha kunye neziqinisekiso zeempawu ze-ecommerce ezihambisa iimpahla eziyingozi. Uphicotho-zincwadi lwangaphakathi lunokunceda ukuchonga naziphi na iintsilelo okanye iindawo zokuphucula kwindlela yokuphatha kunye nokuthutha, ngelixa ukuhlolwa kwangaphandle ngabasemagunyeni abalawulayo okanye abaphicothi-zincwadi beqela lesithathu banokuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemimiselo kunye nemigangatho esebenzayo.
Ukuqeshwa kweqela lolawulo lomgangatho kuya kunceda uvimba wakho kunye neqela lokusebenza ukusombulula nayiphi na imiba ngokukhawuleza kwaye uqinisekise ukuba ayiphindi yenzeke.
5. I-Automation, i-WMS, kunye ne-Operational Flow
Indawo yokugcina impahla kufuneka ikwazi ukujongana neentlobo ngeentlobo zeemfuno zokupakisha ezikhethekileyo kwiindidi ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zeepakethe abahamba ngazo. Ukuba indawo yakho yokugcina impahla ihambisa izinto ze-DG, konke ukuzaliseka kunye noomatshini bokuzenzela kufuneka bamiselwe ukuxhasa iimfuno zeemveliso zakho. Nawuphi na umatshini weleyibhile ozenzekelayo okanye uprinte kwaye usebenzise oomatshini kufuneka bakwazi ukuxhasa iilebhile ezithile ze-DG.
Enye into eqwalaselwayo yinkqubo yolawulo lwendawo yokugcina impahla (WMS) ekufuneka isekwe ukuze ichonge ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ilawule iimfuno zazo naziphi na izinto eziMpahla eziMngcipheko ngenkqubo yokuzalisekisa iodolo. Kukho uluhlu lwezinto ze-DG kunye neelebhile ezihambelanayo ekufuneka zibekwe. Umzekelo, iibhetri zetsimbi ziyingozi ngakumbi xa zithunyelwa, ezi mveliso zifuna ileyibhile ethile ekhupha iilebhile zezinye iimpahla ze-DG ezifana neebhetri ze-lithium-ion. I-WMS yakho idinga ukuqinisekisa ukuba oku kukodwa kungenziwa ngokuzenzekelayo kuyo yonke i-odolo yokuzaliseka kwe-oda yakho.
Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi kwiinkampani ezidibanisa inyanda yeemveliso okanye ukongeza izincedisi ezinokutshintsha iimfuno zokuleyibheli kwiipakethe. I-WMS yakho kufuneka ikwazi ukumisela imithetho ukuqinisekisa ukuba olu tshintsho lubekwe ngokugqibeleleyo ngalo lonke ixesha.
6. Inkonzo yeCarrier kunye neThupha
Ukuthuthwa kwempahla eyingozi yindawo elawulwa kakhulu. Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo zokuhambisa izinto ze-DG kukukhetha umnikezeli ofanelekileyo kunye nenkonzo yokuthumela exhasa i-DG. Abathwali kufuneka babe namaphepha-mvume ayimfuneko, iilayisensi, kunye ne-inshurensi yokuthutha izinto ezinobungozi, kwaye kufuneka babambelele kwiiprothokholi zokhuseleko ezingqongqo kuyo yonke inkqubo yothutho.
Zeziphi iziQinisekiso ezifunekayo ukuze kuPhathwe iiMveliso ze-DG kunye nezinto ezinobungozi
Izatifikethi ezifunekayo ukuze isitora siqhube izinto ezinobungozi kunye nezinto zehazmat ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nodidi lwezixhobo ezinobungozi eziphathwayo, ulawulo lolawulo, kunye nemisebenzi ethile yendawo yokugcina. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye izatifikethi eziqhelekileyo kunye neziqinisekiso ziquka:
- Isiqinisekiso soQeqesho lweHazmat/IiMpahla eziyiNgozi: Abasebenzi bovimba ababandakanyekayo ekuphatheni, ekugcinweni, okanye ekuthutheni izinto eziyingozi kufuneka bafumane uqeqesho olubanzi malunga nokuphatha ngokukhuselekileyo nokugcinwa kwezinto eziyingozi. Izatifikethi ezifana noqeqesho lwe-DOT Hazmat e-United States okanye i-IATA yeMimiselo yeMpahla eyiNgozi (DGR) isoloko ifuneka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yolawulo.
- ISiqinisekiso sokuSebenza se-OSHA Hazmat: I-Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) e-United States ibeka imigangatho yokuphatha izinto ezinobungozi emsebenzini. Abasebenzi be-Warehouse banokufuna ukufumana isatifikethi se-OSHA Hazmat Operations, ebonisa ubuchule ekuphenduleni kwiziganeko zezixhobo ezinobungozi, kubandakanywa ukugcinwa, ukucocwa, kunye neenkqubo zokuphendula ngokukhawuleza.
- Isiqinisekiso se-HAZWOPER: Isiqinisekiso seMisebenzi yeNkunkuma enobungozi kunye nokuPhendula ngokuNgxamisekileyo (HAZWOPER) siyafuneka kubasebenzi ababandakanyekayo ekucoceni, ekuphathweni, ekugcinweni nasekulahlweni kwenkunkuma eyingozi. Ngelixa ingacaciswanga kwimisebenzi yendawo yokugcina impahla, ukuqinisekiswa kwe-HAZWOPER kunokufuneka kwiindawo zokugcina eziphethe izinto ezinobungozi ezinobungozi ngaphezu kwezinto ezinobungozi.
- IsiQinisekiso soMsebenzi we-Forklift: Iindawo zokugcina zihlala zisebenzisa iiforklift kunye nezinye izixhobo zokuphatha izinto zokuhamba kunye nokugcina izinto ezinobungozi. Abaqhubi beForklift kufuneka bafumane uqeqesho kunye neziqinisekiso zokuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kunye nokuthintela iingozi okanye ukuchitheka okubandakanya iimpahla eziyingozi.
- UQeqesho loKhuseleko noKhuseleko loMlilo: Iindawo zokugcina iimpahla eziphethe izinto ezinobungozi kufuneka zibe nemilinganiselo yokukhusela umlilo kwindawo yokukhusela kunye nokusabela kwiziganeko zomlilo ngokufanelekileyo. Abasebenzi banokufuna uqeqesho kunye nesatifikethi ekuthinteleni umlilo, ukusetyenziswa kwesicima-mlilo, kunye neenkqubo zokuphuma ngokukhawuleza.
- ISiqinisekiso seNkqubo yoLawulo lokusiNgqongileyo (EMS): Abanye oovimba basenokukhetha ukusebenzisa iNkqubo yoLawulo lokusiNgqongileyo (EMS) ukulawula imingcipheko yokusingqongileyo enxulumene nokuphatha imathiriyeli eyingozi. Isiqinisekiso kwimigangatho efana ne-ISO 14001 sibonisa ukuthotyelwa kwezona zenzo zilungileyo zolawulo lokusingqongileyo.
- Usulelo loKhuseleko: Ngokuxhomekeke kubume bezinto ezinobungozi eziphathwayo, iindawo zokugcina iimpahla zingadinga ukuthobela imimiselo yokhuseleko kwaye zifumane ukukhutshwa kokhuseleko okanye iziqinisekiso zokuthintela ukungena okungagunyaziswanga okanye ukuphazamisana nempahla eyingozi.
- ISiqinisekiso seNtsebenziswano yoRhwebo lweSintu oluChasene nobunqolobi (C-TPAT): Kwiindawo zokugcina iimpahla ezibandakanyekayo kurhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe, uqinisekiso lwe-C-TPAT luphucula imilinganiselo yokhuseleko kulo lonke ikhonkco lonikezelo ukunqanda ukwaziswa kwezixhobo zobunqolobi okanye urhwebo olungekho mthethweni kwinkqubo yokuthunyelwa kwempahla. Ngelixa ingacaciswanga kwizinto ezinobungozi, isatifikethi se-C-TPAT sinokufaneleka kwiindawo zokugcina iimpahla eziphethe izinto ezinobungozi kurhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe.
Okukwintsusa
Kubalulekile kubathengisi be-ecommerce ukuba bachonge ngokufanelekileyo, bafake iilebhile, bapakishe, kwaye baphathe naziphi na iimveliso ezichazwe njengempahla eyingozi ngokweemfuno zolawulo ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi, abathwali, kunye nabathengi bokugqibela. Ukuba awuqinisekanga ukuba ukwenza njani oku ngokwakho, sebenza kunye ne-3PL okanye umnikezeli wokuzaliseka onamava amaninzi okuphatha i-electronics yabathengi, impilo kunye neemveliso zobuhle, kunye nezinye izinto ze-DG.
Umthombo ovela ULungiselelo lweDCL
Ukuziphendulela: Ulwazi olubekwe ngasentla lunikezelwa yi-dclcorp.com ngaphandle kwe-Cooig.com. I-Cooig.com ayenzi lumelo kunye neziqinisekiso malunga nomgangatho kunye nokuthembeka komthengisi kunye neemveliso.
