Isiqingatha sabemi behlabathi sixhomekeke kwirayisi njengokutya kwabo okuyintloko kodwa ukuze bafumane okona kulungileyo, kunyanzelekile. Ukususela kuhlobo lokuqala lukaEvelyn White lweshishini lokusila irayisi, kwakudala, kuye kwakho ulingo oluninzi kwiinkqubo ezinxulumene nerayisi, eziye zaphucula ukusebenza kakuhle nomgangatho werayisi. Indawo yokusila irayisi yanamhlanje ityekele ngakumbi kubugcisa kunokuba unokucinga. Kule bhlog, siza kugubungela ukuba yintoni irayisi yerayisi, isebenza njani, isetyenziswe njani, ixabiso layo kunye neyona ndawo ingcono yokusila kwimarike namhlanje.
Isiqulatho:
– Yintoni irayisi yokusila?
– Zisebenza njani izixhobo zerayisi?
– Indlela yokusebenzisa indawo yokusila irayisi
– Ixabisa malini irayisi?
– Top irayisi mills kwimarike
Yintoni indawo yokusila irayisi?
Umatshini wokusila irayisi usetyenziselwa ukwenza inkqubo yokuhlubula i-husk kunye ne-bran egquma irayisi ye-paddy kumlinganiselo omkhulu wemizi-mveliso de ushiywe njengerayisi emhlophe emenyezelayo. Ezi zixhobo zokusila zisusela kwiiyunithi ezincinci ezisetyenziswa kwisikali sasekhaya ngamafama ukuya kwiiseti zentengiso ezinkulu kakhulu.
Zintlanu iindawo zokusila irayisi. Ibandakanya isicoci se-paddy, i-husker, isahluli, i-polisher kunye ne-grader. I-paddy eluhlaza etyiswa kwisicoci se-paddy, kwaye lo ngumatshini onzima kakhulu okhupha iindiza, amatye, ukungcola kunye nezinye izinto zangaphandle kwirayisi. Ipolisha yenza irayisi ibengezele kwaye ibengezelayo. I-grader isetyenziselwa ukuhlela irayisi kwiisayizi ezifanelekileyo kunye neempawu.
Kwishishini lokusila irayisi, ukwenza imveliso engcono kuthetha ukuvelisa irayisi etyiwayo, oko kukuthi iinkozo eziqhekeziweyo zingenakho. Kwaye ukwenza umatshini wokungqusha irayisi wenze imveliso engcono, iindlela eziza kusetyenziswa lisingqusho kufuneka zibe zezanamhlanje. Ezo ndlela zanamhlanje ziquka ukuhlelwa kwe-optical, ulawulo oluzenzekelayo, kunye nezixhobo zokonga amandla.
Zisebenza njani iindawo zokusila irayisi?
Inkqubo yokuguqula i-paddy ekrwada ibe yirayisi epholisiweyo iqala ngokucoca i-paddy, apho ubumdaka obukhulu kunye nezingcolisi ezicolekileyo zisuswa ngokudityaniswa kwezikrini, iisefu, kunye nezivutheli zomoya.
I-paddy ke ithathwa isiwe kwindawo ye-husking apho i-rubber roll huskers okanye i-centrifugal dehuskers isusa i-husk layer. Lo mxube wekhatshu nerayisi emdaka utyiswa kwisitshizi somoya esahlula ikhoba elikhaphukhaphu kwirayisi emdaka kakhulu.
Irayisi eBrown iyasilwa (okanye 'enziwe mhlophe'/'ikhazimliswe') kuwo nokuba ngawaphi amanyathelo amabini asusa iileya zebran, kunye okanye ngaphandle kwe-abrasive, kusetyenziswa nokuba yifriction okanye umatshini osekelwe kwi-abrasion. Ubungakanani bokusila bunokwahluka ukuvelisa irayisi enemigangatho eyahlukeneyo yepolishi, ukusuka kwirayisi emdaka (ushiya uninzi lwebran yomelele) ukuya kwirayisi emhlophe ekhazimlisiweyo (akukho bran).
Irayisi epholisiweyo ke ngoko ihlelwa kwaye ihlelwe nge-optical sorter ukuqinisekisa ukuba ubungakanani berayisi epholisiweyo bufana kwaye naziphi na izinto zangaphandle ziyasuswa. Emva koko, irayisi epholisiweyo ifakwe kwiiphakheji kwaye ilungele ukuhanjiswa. Inyathelo ngalinye lidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokuqinisekisa ukuba isivuno sandiswa kwaye imveliso yokugqibela ikumgangatho olungileyo.
Indlela yokusebenzisa irayisi yokusila
Ukusebenzisa isisila serayisi kuthetha ngamanyathelo amaninzi ukusuka ekuqaleni ekulungiseni i-paddy ekrwada, ukuya kuthi ga ekugqityweni ngokupakishwa kwerayisi epolishiweyo. Ukuqhubela phambili kubonisa inyathelo ngenyathelo lomyalelo wendlela yokusebenzisa ilitye lokusila irayisi.
- Ukulungiselela: Okokuqala uhlela ngokucoca i-paddy esisiseko ukususa amatye, uthuli, iindiza okanye okunye ukungcola kwi-paddy eluhlaza. Ngokuqhelekileyo uyenza nge-paddy cleaner, ebandakanya i-cascade ye-sieves kunye ne-air blowers.
- Husking: Xa i-paddy icociwe, yiphakele kwi-husker.qinisekisa ukuba i-husker setting isusa i-husk ngaphandle komonakalo kwiinkozo zerayisi.
- Ukwahlula: Yahlula irayisi emdaka kwi-husk usebenzisa i-aspirator okanye isahluli se-paddy. Lungisa i-angle yomatshini ukuze uphumelele kakhulu ukwahlula.
- Ukugaya: Beka irayisi emdaka kwipolishi kwaye ulungelelanise iisetingi zokusila ngokobunzima beeleya zebran ofuna ukuzisusa. Ukugaya linyathelo lokujonga ukuba ungayifumana na irayisi emdaka, irayisi epholileyo okanye epholileyo.
- Ukupholisha: Gcoba iimveliso ukususa iinkozo ezaphukileyo okanye ezicandiweyo ukuze imveliso ibe nomgangatho olungileyo. Ukuhlelwa: Ibanga lerayisi ngokwesayizi nangomgangatho. Inceda ukususa iinkozo eziphukileyo okanye iinkozo ezichaphazelekayo ukwenzela ukuba imveliso ifane kumgangatho kunye nobukhulu.
- Ukupakisha: Okokugqibela, pakisha irayisi ehleliweyo kwizikhongozeli ezifanelekileyo ukuze igcinwe kwaye isasazwe. Oku kufuneka kuqinisekise ukuba irayisi igcinwe ngokufanelekileyo kwindawo epholileyo, eyomileyo kwaye ipakishwe ngokufanelekileyo ukuphepha ukungcoliseka kunye nokonakala.
Ukugcinwa okuhambelanayo kunye nokugcinwa ngexesha lomatshini wokusila irayisi kuyimfuneko ukuze usebenze ngokufanelekileyo. Oomatshini kufuneka bahlolwe nakuphi na ukungcola okanye izinto zangaphandle, bacocwe kwaye kufakwe endaweni yazo naziphi na iindawo ezigugileyo ezitshintshwayo kwaye zonke iisetingi kufuneka zilungiswe ngokufanelekileyo ngamaxesha onke ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kwazo ngokufanelekileyo kwaye kwangaxeshanye kuqinisekiswe ukuba iinkozo zikumgangatho ophezulu.
Ibiza malini indawo yokusila irayisi?
Iindleko zerayisi zixhomekeke kwiimpawu ezifana nomthamo wemveliso, inqanaba lokuzenzekelayo kunye nobuchwepheshe obusetyenziswayo. Ngezantsi ndiza kuchaza iindleko zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeerayisi ezinobugcisa obuhlukeneyo bangaphakathi. Eyokuqala neyesibini ifanelekile kumafama amancinci kunye namaqumrhu amancinci. Eyokugqibela yimveliso yokusila irayisi. Umatshini wokuqala unomthamo omncinci wokuvelisa. Inqanaba le-automation liphantsi, kodwa lanele ukuya kuthi ga kwi-100 abasebenzi. Ngoko ke ixabiso liphantsi kwaye lijikeleze i-$ 1,000 ukuya kwi-$ 10,000. Umatshini wesibini ufana neyokuqala kodwa unomthamo ophezulu kunye nezinga eliphantsi lokuzenzekelayo. Iindleko ziphantse zifana kodwa ziphezulu kwaye zijikeleze i-$ 1,000 ukuya kwi-$ 10,000. Umatshini wesithathu unomthamo ophezulu wokuvelisa kwaye uzenzele kwizinga eliphezulu. Abasebenzi bancitshiswa ukuya malunga nama-50. Iindleko zalo matshini zezona ziphezulu, ngaphezu kwe-10,000 yeedola.
Izisila zerayisi ezinobungakanani obuphakathi (ezinokuqhuba i-paddy eyongezelelekileyo, rhoqo nge-automation eninzi) ziqala malunga ne-20,000 yeedola kwaye zinyuke ukuya malunga ne-100,000 yeedola. Ezi zixhobo zokusila zilungele iifama ezinkulu okanye amashishini amancinci ukuya kwaphakathi okulungisa irayisi.
Ngokomzekelo, iindawo zokusila irayisi kwimizi-mveliso ezinomgangatho ophezulu wokuzitshintsha kunye nomthamo wemveliso yorhwebo ziya kuxabisa ukusuka kwi-100,000 yeedola ukuya kwizigidi eziliqela zeerandi, kuquka ubugcisa obuphambili, obufana nezihluzi zamehlo, iinkqubo zolawulo oluzenzekelayo, oomatshini bokulungisa irayisi abakumgangatho ophezulu, uyilo lwale mihla, njalo njalo.
Xa sisenza isigqibo ngalo mba, asifanele sicinge kuphela ngeendleko zokuqala zokuthenga ilitye lokusila irayisi, kodwa sihlolisise ngenyameko iindleko zokuqhuba ezifana neendleko zamandla, iindleko zabasebenzi, iindleko zeendawo ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye nokugcinwa rhoqo kwendawo yokusila irayisi.
Iindawo eziphezulu zerayisi kwimarike
Xa ukhetha i-rice mill, kukho imizekelo emininzi ebalaseleyo yokuqwalasela, njengoko aba matshini begqwesa ngokuchaneka, ukuthembeka kunye neempawu ezongezelelweyo. Nazi ezinye iimodeli zamva nje zokusila irayisi kwimarike.
- Iinkqubo zokugaya irayisi zikaSatake: ISatake luphawu lwepremiyamu yehlabathi kushishino lokusila irayisi, elaziwa ngobuchwephesha obutsha, oomatshini abakumgangatho ophezulu kunye nezisombululo zedijithali. Banikezela ngezixhobo zodidi oluphezulu zerayisi, eziza nezihluzi ze-smart optical, iinkqubo zokulawula ezizenzekelayo ezisebenzisekayo, uyilo lokonga amandla nokunye. Ilungele abavelisi berayisi abancinci kunye nabakhulu.
- Iqela leBuhler: Uluhlu lwethu olubanzi lwezisombululo zokugaya irayisi zilungele zonke iimfuno zakho, ukusuka kumthamo omkhulu ukuya kwiimfuno ezincinci zomntu ngamnye. Imizila yerayisi yaseBuhler yakhiwe ukuze ihlale. Ziyilwe ngokuchaneka kwaye zenzelwe ukusebenza kakuhle. Itekhnoloji yamva nje edityaniswe kwiindawo zethu zokusila irayisi yongeza isivuno kwaye yandisa umgangatho werayisi.
- Milltec Machinery Pvt. Ltd: Milltec Machinery Pvt. I-Ltd yi-mfr yoomatshini bezixhobo zokusila ezizenzekelayo, ivelisa izityalo zokusila irayisi ezizenzekelayo-ubonelelo ngoomatshini bokusila irayisi bokuhlelwa kwerayisi okuzenzekelayo, ukukhukuliseka kwerayisi okuzenzekelayo, ukupholisa irayisi, ukuthunga irayisi kunye noomatshini be-paddy husker. Ukuba nenkuthalo kwindlela yokuvelisa izinto ezintsha kugcine iMilltec kwindawo yokuqala kwishishini inika abathengi bayo ukwaneliseka okukhulu ukusebenza nomnye woovulindlela kushishino lokusila irayisi.
- I-AGI MILTTEC: I-AGI MILTTEC luphawu lwantlandlolo lwaseTaiwan olubonelela ngomgca opheleleyo wezixhobo zokungqusha irayisi ezikumgangatho ophezulu zokwenziwa kwezikali ezincinci neziphakathi. Oomatshini bethu babonwa ngokuhlala ixesha elide, ukulula ukusebenza kunye nokusebenza, iiyure ezingama-24 zenkxaso yokuthengisa emva kokuthengisa. I-AGI MILTTEC i-rice mills yenza kube lula ukuba ufumane imveliso ephezulu kunye nomgangatho werayisi.
- Zhengzhou VOS Machinery Equipment Co., Ltd: Oomatshini be-VOS banoomatshini abahlukeneyo bokugaya irayisi abaneendleko ezisebenzayo kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu. Iimveliso zethu lukhetho olufanelekileyo kumafama amancinci naphakathi afuna umatshini wokugaya irayisi kunye nozinzo oluphezulu kunye neendleko eziphantsi.
Leliphi irayisi elilungele ishishini lakho? T700 irayisi yokusila, FP60 irayisi yokusila okanye Turbo 53? Kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. Akuxhomekeke kuphela kumthamo wakho, uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali kunye neemfuno zakho, kodwa kufuneka uthelekise iimodeli ezahlukeneyo, wenze ixabiso elipheleleyo lokubala ubunini kwaye emva koko unokukhetha umatshini oyifunayo.
isiphelo
Asinakuthelekelela ilitye lokusila irayisi ngaphandle kokusebenzela injongo yokulungisa i-paddy ekrwada ukuze ibe yeyona rayisi ikhazimlisiweyo eyaziwayo sonke esinayo kwisitya sethu serayisi nekheri. Amashishini erayisi ngoomatshini abasisiseko abadlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokuvelisa irayisi. Iyakwazi ukuqhuba imisebenzi ezenzekelayo kunye ne-semi-automatic mechanical.
Amaxesha amaninzi, abalimi abaqhelananga nazo zonke iinkcukacha zobugcisa zendlela isingqusho esisebenza ngayo okanye into efunekayo ukuqhuba irayisi. Oku kunokukhokelela kukhetho olungalunganga koomatshini. Ukwazi iintlobo, ukusebenza, amaxabiso kunye nemodeli ephezulu yerayisi yokugaya inokunceda abavelisi ukuba benze ukhetho olufanelekileyo kwimveliso yabo.
Esi sincoko siza kuxoxa ngokubaluleka kwerayisi zokusila kunye rough paddy texture phambi kokuba processing. Ngaphezu koko, iya kujolisa kwiintlobo zemizila yerayisi kunye nendlela ezisebenza ngayo ukuvelisa imveliso ekhazimlisiweyo. Iza kuthetha nangeenzuzo zizonke zokuba nesixhobo sokusila irayisi esilungileyo ngaphezulu kwesakudala semveli.
Ukuqala, ukuthungwa kwepaddy erhabaxa kufuneka yomelele kwaye yome xa uphuma ebaleni. Kubalulekile ukuphepha ukonakalisa iinkozo ngexesha lokubhula ngenxa yobuthathaka bayo. Ukuba i-paddy ayikho kwisimo esifanelekileyo okanye imeko, inokubangela ezinye iingxaki ezininzi xa ilungiswa njengokucoca okucothayo, imveliso ephantsi, ukusebenza kakuhle kokugaya, kunye nokunyusa iindleko.
Okwesibini, amashishini erayisi afika kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo kunye nobukhulu. Bahlangabezana neemfuno zezikali ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza, ukusuka kwimveliso encinci ukuya kwimveliso enkulu. Ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno zabavelisi, ukusebenzisa ilitye lokusila elichanekileyo elinesivuno esiphezulu kunokuzuza inzuzo engeyiyo ekusetyenzweni kwemveliso.
Okokugqibela, ukusebenza kwendawo yokusila irayisi yinto ebalulekileyo. Imisela isivuno semveliso. Ilitye lokusila elisebenzayo neliqinileyo lolona khetho lufanelekileyo kwimveliso enkulu. Enye yeenzuzo ezicacileyo zeemodeli zamva nje zeerayisi zokugaya irayisi xa kuthelekiswa nezo zendabuko yinqanaba lomatshini elinikezelayo.
