Ukusika iLaser yenye yezona zinto ziqhelekileyo kwimveliso. Ekuqaleni yenzelwe ukugrumba imingxuma kwidayimane iyafa, ukusika kwe-laser kuhambe indlela ende kwaye ngoku ithathwa njengenye yeendlela ezifanelekileyo zokusika isiqwenga sezinto kunye nokwenza iimveliso ezigqityiweyo. Bubuchwephesha obusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo ukusuka kubavelisi abakhulu bemizi-mveliso ukuya ezikolweni nakwii-hobbyists.
Eli nqaku lintywila kulo lonke uhlobo lokusika i-laser, kubandakanya ukuba yintoni kunye nendlela esebenza ngayo, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo, iimpawu, kunye nokusetyenziswa kokusika kwe-laser, kunye neendlela ezizayo zoomatshini bokusika i-laser.
Yintoni
Ukusika kweLaser yinkqubo yokusebenzisa i-laser beam ephezulu yamandla ukuze i-irradiate material. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-laser isetyenziswa kunye nenkqubo yokulawula intshukumo, emisela indlela i-laser ehamba ngayo phezu kwezinto. Ukusika kweLaser akusetyenziselwa kuphela ukusetyenziswa kwemizi-mveliso efana nokwenziwa kwesinyithi, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kwiziphumo zobugcisa ezifana nokukrola kunye nokubhala.
Ingaba isebenza kanjani
IiLasers zisebenzisa amandla asuka kwi-electron ukuvelisa ukukhanya okunzulu, okunobushushu obuphezulu, ngenye indlela ebizwa ngokuba yilaser beam. Xa udibana nezinto eziphathekayo, i-laser beam iyancibilika ngokukhawuleza umphezulu ukwenza umngxuma. Ukusuka kwindawo yokuqala yoqhagamshelwano, i-laser ihamba ngendlela ecwangcisiweyo ethi inqumle yonke into okanye idale umphumo oyifunayo. Ngexesha elifanayo, izinto ezincibilikisiweyo zivuthelwa ngumoya ohamba ngesantya esiphezulu.
Ukusika i-Laser yindlela yokusika i-thermal eyenza ngokubanzi ukusikwa okugudileyo kunye nomgangatho obalaseleyo, ukuchaneka okuphezulu, kunye nempahla encinci yokuchitha. Xa kuthelekiswa neendlela zokusika zendabuko, ukusika kwe-laser kudala i-slits encinci, ekunceda ukuba ugcine iinxalenye ezininzi zezinto.
Iintlobo zokusika i-laser
Ukusika iLaser kunokwahlulwa ngokweendidi ezine: i-laser vaporization, i-laser melting, i-O2 ukusika i-laser, kunye ne-laser scribing kunye ne-fracture elawulwayo.
1. I-Laser vaporization
I-Laser vaporization isebenzisa umqadi we-laser woxinaniso oluphezulu lokutshisa izinto. Ekudibaneni, ubushushu bezinto eziphathekayo bukhuphuka ngokukhawuleza kwindawo yokubilisa, kwaye izinto ziqala ukuphosa zibe ngumphunga. Njengoko le miphunga ikhutshwa ngokukhawuleza, ukusika kwenziwa kwizinto eziphathekayo.
Olu hlobo lokusika i-laser lufuna isixa esikhulu samandla kunye noxinaniso lwamandla, kwaye lusetyenziswa ikakhulu ukusika izinto zentsimbi ezibhityileyo kakhulu kunye nezinto ezingezizo ezentsimbi ezifana nephepha, ilaphu, iinkuni, iplastiki kunye nerabha.
2. Ukunyibilika kweLaser
Ukunyibilika kwe-laser kusebenzisa i-laser beam ukutshisa izinto ngokukhawuleza kunye ne-non-oxidizing gas (efana ne-Ar, He, N, njl.) ukukhupha izinto ezinyibilikisiweyo. I-gas ye-non-oxidizing ifakwe kwi-nozzle kwixinzelelo oluphezulu kunye ne-beam, evumela ukuba izinto eziphathekayo zikhuphe ngokukhawuleza xa zidibene nomqadi.
Ukunyibilika kwe-laser akuvuzi ngokupheleleyo isinyithi, kwaye kufuna i-1/10 kuphela yamandla afunekayo kwi-laser vaporization.Olu hlobo lokusika kwe-laser lusetyenziselwa ukusika izinto ezingenayo i-oxidized ngokulula, okanye isinyithi esisebenzayo njengensimbi engenasici, i-titanium, i-aluminium, kunye ne-alloys yazo.
3. Inkqubo2 ukusikwa kwelasi
O2 ukusika kwe-laser kusebenzisa i-laser beam ukutshisa izinto ngokukhawuleza kunye ne-O2, igesi ene-oxidizing, ukukhupha izinto ezinyibilikayo. Mna hayi2 ukusika kwe-laser, i-oxidizing gas idibanisa kunye nezinto ezibangela ukusabela kwe-oxidation, ekhupha ubushushu obukhulu. Emva koko, i-oxide etyhidiweyo kunye nezinto ezinyibilikayo zivuthelwa ngaphandle kwendawo yokusabela, okukhokelela ekusikeni kwezinto. Kule nkalo, uO2 ukusika kwe-laser kufana nokusika i-oxyacetylene.
Ngenxa yokuba impendulo ye-oxidation kwinkqubo yokusika ivelisa ubushushu obuninzi, amandla afunekayo kwi-laser oxygen cutting sisiqingatha samandla afunekayo kwi-laser melting, kwaye isantya sokusika siphezulu kakhulu kuneso se-laser vaporizing kunye ne-laser melting.
O2 ukusika kwe-laser kusetyenziswa kakhulu kwizinto zetsimbi ezinokuxutywa lula njenge-carbon steel, i-titanium steel, kunye nentsimbi ephathwa ngobushushu.
4. I-Laser scribing kunye ne-fracture elawulwayo
I-Laser scribing isebenzisa umqadi welaser woxinaniso olumandla aphezulu ukuskena umphezulu wemathiriyeli yentsimbi ukuvelisa uthotho lweegrooves ezincinci, ezibizwa ngokuba "yimigca yababhali." Emva koko, umlinganiselo othile woxinzelelo olulawulwayo usetyenziswa kumphezulu, obangela ukuba izinto ziqhekeke kunye nemigca yombhali.
I-Laser scribing isetyenziselwa ikakhulu ukuvelisa ii-semiconductor wafers, izibane ze-LED, kunye nezinye iimveliso ezifuna ulawulo oluhle kunye nokuchaneka kwe-microscopic. Ngaloo ndlela, iilaser ezisetyenziselwa ukubhalwa kwelaser ngokuqhelekileyo zi-Q-switched lasers kunye neCO2 I-lasers.
Iimbonakalo
Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela zokusika i-thermal, ukusika kwe-laser yinkqubo ekhawulezayo iyonke kwaye ibonelela ngekhwalithi ephezulu yokusika. Ukusika kweLaser kunezi nzuzo zilandelayo:
1. Umgangatho ophezulu wokusika: Ngenxa yobuninzi bamandla aphezulu kunye nokuchaneka kwendawo yokudibanisa i-laser, ukusika kwe-laser kuvelisa iziphumo ezingcono.
a. Ukusikwa kweLaser kudala ukusika kumxinwa kakhulu. Ububanzi obusikiweyo obuveliswe ngokusikwa kwe-laser bungaphantsi kwe-intshi ye-0.001, kwaye ukuchaneka kwe-dimensional kuchaneke ngokukodwa malunga ne-± 0.0005 intshi.
b. Ukusika kweLaser kudala imiphetho egudileyo, okuthetha ukuba ingasetyenziswa njengenyathelo lokugqibela kwimveliso ngaphandle kokwenziwa komatshini okongeziweyo okufunekayo.
c. Ukusika kweLaser kudala i-deformation encinci kwi-workpiece kwaye ayichaphazeli ngokungqongqo izinto ezikufutshane nokusikwa. Ubume be-slit buhlala buxande.
2. Ukusebenza kakuhle kokusika: Yonke inkqubo yokusika i-laser inokulawulwa ngokupheleleyo yi-CNC ngaphandle kwesidingo sawo nawuphi na umsebenzi wezandla. Ngexesha lomsebenzi wokusika i-laser, abasebenzisi bafuna kuphela ukucwangcisa inkqubo yokulawula intshukumo. Ulungelelwaniso lunokusetyenziswa kwiimilo ezahlukeneyo. Ukongeza, oomatshini bokusika i-laser banokuxhotyiswa ngeetafile zokusebenzela ze-CNC ezininzi, eziphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle xa usebenza kunye nezixhobo zokusebenza ezinkulu okanye ezininzi.
3. Isantya sokusika ngokukhawuleza: I-laser enegunya le-1200 W inokufikelela kwisantya sokusika i-600 cm / min xa usika i-2 mm ephantsi kwe-carbon steel plate. I-laser yamandla afanayo inokufikelela kwisantya sokusika i-1200 cm / min xa usika ibhodi ye-polypropylene resin eyi-5 mm. Izinto eziphathekayo azidingeki ukuba zinyanzeliswe kwaye zilungiswe ngexesha lenkqubo yokusika i-laser, enokuthintela umonakalo kwizixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye nokunciphisa ixesha elifunekayo ukulayisha kunye nokukhulula i-workpieces.
4. Ukusika i-laser ngaphandle kokunxibelelana: Itotshi yokusika ayinalo naluphi na uqhagamshelwano kunye ne-workpiece, eqinisekisa ukuba i-zero ukuya kuncinci yokugqoka kwizixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo. Ukongeza, akukho mfuneko yokutshintsha naziphi na izixhobo zokulungisa iindawo ezahlukeneyo kunye neemilo. Abasebenzisi bafuna nje ukutshintsha iiparamitha zemveliso yelaser. Inkqubo yokusika i-laser iphinda ivelise ingxolo ephantsi, i-vibration encinci, kwaye akukho ngcoliseko.
5. Umda obanzi wosetyenziso: Xa kuthelekiswa nokusika kwe-oxyacetylene kunye nokusika i-plasma, ukusika kwe-laser kukulungele uluhlu olubanzi lwezinto eziphathekayo, kubandakanywa isinyithi kunye ne-non-metal kunye nezixhobo ezidibeneyo ezixutywe ngetsimbi. Izinto ezahlukeneyo zinemigangatho eyahlukeneyo yokufaneleka ukusika kwe-laser ngenxa yeempawu zabo ezahlukeneyo ze-thermo-physical.
izicelo
Uninzi lwabasiki be-laser namhlanje lulawulwa ziinkqubo ze-CNC okanye zenziwe kwiirobhothi ezizenzekelayo. Ngaloo ndlela, ukusika kwe-laser kulungele phantse zonke izixhobo zokwenza zonke iintlobo zeemilo, zombini-ezimbini kunye ne-dimensional-dimensional.
Kwintsimi yokwenziwa kweemoto, ukusika i-laser kusetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukusika iigophe ezintsonkothileyo ezinje ngamashiti omzimba, iihoods, uphahla, iifestile zemoto, iityhubhu, izinto zengxowa yomoya, kunye nezinye iindawo ezahlukeneyo. Kwintsimi ye-aerospace, itekhnoloji yokusika i-laser isetyenziselwa ukusika iindawo ezikhethekileyo zokubhabha ezifana neetyhubhu zomlilo we-injini, iifreyimu zenqwelomoya, iipaneli zamaphiko omsila, iirotor zehelikopta, kunye nokunye okuninzi.
Itekhnoloji yokusika iLaser nayo isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizinto ezingezizo ezentsimbi. Ukusika kweLaser kungasetyenziselwa kuphela izinto ezinobunzima obuphezulu kunye nokuqina okufana ne-silicon nitride, iiseramics, kunye ne-quartz, kodwa nakwizinto eziguquguqukayo ezifana nelaphu, iphepha, iipleyiti zeplastiki kunye nerabha.
Iindlela eziza kubakho kwikamva
1. Ukusika iLaser kuya kuqhubeka ukutyhala inguqu yezoshishino phambili.
Ukusika kweLaser kuzise izibonelelo ezininzi zoqoqosho kubavelisi abatsha nabadala. Icandelo layo eliphambili, umthombo wokukhanya kwelaser, licandelo elibalulekileyo elimisela isakhono sokusika i-laser cutter.
Kule minyaka ingama-40 idlulileyo ukuqaliswa kwe-laser cutter, eyona nto ibalulekileyo uphuhliso lwezobuchwepheshe kunye nemithombo yokukhanya ye-laser kukutshintshwa kwemishini yokusika i-CO2 ye-laser kunye ne-fiber laser cutting.
Ukuba uyabuza ukuba kuya kubakho umthombo omtsha wokukhanya welaser onexabiso eliphantsi kunefiber lasers, unokusebenza okungcono, kwaye ubonelela ngomqadi ogqwesileyo, impendulo ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo nguewe. Kodwa ukuba uyabuza ukuba iya kuba luhlobo luni lwe-laser, akunakwenzeka ukunika impendulo echanekileyo ngoku. Ngokungathandabuzekiyo, imithombo yokukhanya ye-laser ibotshelelwe ukubona uphuhliso oluninzi kwixesha elizayo.
2. I-laser ye-fiber fibers ephezulu iya kuba yinto ephambili kwimarike yomatshini wokusika i-laser.
Oomatshini bokusika i-Optical fiber kuluhlu olwahlukeneyo lwamandla baye bangenisa ixesha elikhulu lokuvelisa. Aba matshini bokusika be-laser beza kwiimilo ezahlukeneyo kunye nobukhulu, ngamnye uneemeko zabo zokusetyenziswa. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ucinga ukuba luhlobo luni lomatshini wokusika we-laser oya kuba ngowona usetyenziswa kakhulu kuwo onke amacandelo kwixesha elizayo, i-laser ye-fiber fiber ephezulu yizandla-phantsi kokubheja okukhuselekileyo.
Aba matshini bazisa amandla aphezulu, ukuchaneka okuphezulu, kunye nomthamo omkhulu wokusika kwitekhnoloji yokusika i-laser, kwaye baya kuba nefuthe elikhulu kwimakethi yokusika i-laser, ngokutsho kweengcali, abaphengululi kunye nabasebenzisi.
Ke, inani elikhulu labavelisi bomatshini wokusika ifayibha ephezulu yamandla abotshelelwe ukuba bangenise ukhuphiswano oluqatha lwentengiso, ekugqibeleni ukuze kuxhamle abathengi. Oku kuya kutyhalela phambili imvulophu ngokolawulo lomgangatho kunye nemigangatho yokwenziwa kwemveliso kwixesha elizayo elingekude, apho kuphela iinkampani ezinomgangatho wemveliso ogqwesileyo, ugqaliselo oluqhubekayo kwi-R&D, kunye nobuchule bobuchule obuphambili bokhuphiswano obunokuhlala phezulu.
3. Ixesha lobukrelekrele liyeza.
Uphuhliso lwetekhnoloji kwihlabathi jikelele olufana neJamani “Industry 4.0” kunye nolwamkelo olwandayo lwaseTshayina lweefektri ezikrelekrele luphawu olucacileyo lwento enye: inguqu yesine yezoshishino iyeza. Kwaye ngaloo nto, ixesha lokwenziwa ngobukrelekrele liya kuza kwishishini lokusika i-laser. Oku kubandakanya ukudityaniswa kobuninzi bobuchwephesha bothungelwano, iteknoloji yonxibelelwano, kunye nesoftware yekhompyuter enoomatshini bokusika belaser beCNC obuchanekileyo.
Ngokuhambelana nale nto, ukuphuhliswa koomatshini bokusika i-laser ngokuzenzekelayo kuye kwaphucula kakhulu amandla okuvelisa kunye nokuzenzekelayo kweeworkshops zetsimbi. Njengendlela yokuchaneka, oomatshini bokusika i-laser ngokuqinisekileyo baya kusebenzisa amandla onxibelelwano lwe-homebrewed ukunxibelelana noomatshini abahlukeneyo kwiifektri zentsimbi, kubandakanywa imigca yokukhulula amaphepha, ukugoba oomatshini, oomatshini bokubhobhoza be-CNC, iiyunithi ezidibeneyo zokuwelda (i-riveting), ukudubula koomatshini bokuqhumisa, kunye nemigca yokwaleka.
Ezinye izixhobo ezifakwe kwisicwangciso esidityanisiweyo semveliso, umsebenzi, kunye nenkqubo yolawulo lovavanyo ziya kuba yimfuneko kulawulo lweworkshop yentsimbi ngokunjalo. Ngenxa yoko, inani elikhulu umshini wokusika Abavelisi baya kutshintsha ngokuthe ngcembe babe ziikontraka zokwenza amaphepha esinyithi kwixesha elizayo.
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