Ngo-2025, ukuqhubela phambili kwitekhnoloji yevalvu yoxinzelelo luguqula ukhuseleko lwamashishini. Eli nqaku lihlalutya kwizinto ezibalulekileyo zokukhetha i-valve efanelekileyo, kubandakanywa iintlobo, ukusebenza, izinto eziphathekayo kunye nokuthotyelwa kokulawula. Abathengi abaziingcali baya kufumana isikhokelo esibalulekileyo sokwenza izigqibo zokuthenga benolwazi.
Isiqulatho:
-Isishwankathelo seMarike yeeValuvu zokuNceda uXinzelelo
– Uhlalutyo olunzulu lweMarike yeValve yokuNceda ngoxinzelelo
-Izinto eziphambili xa ukhetha iValve yokuNceda ngoxinzelelo
-Ukuqwalaselwa kwezinto eziphathekayo kwiiValuvu zokuNceda uXinzelelo
-Ukuqhubela phambili kweTekhnoloji kwiiValuvu zoNcedo loxinzelelo
– Ukuthotyelwa koLawulo kunye neMigangatho yoShishino
–Iingcinga zokuGqibela kwiiValuvu zokuNceda uXanduva
Isishwankathelo seMarike yeeVavu zoNcedo loxinzelelo
Imarike yehlabathi yeevalvu zokunciphisa uxinzelelo ibixabisa malunga ne-USD 4.3 yeebhiliyoni ngo-2023. Kuqikelelwa ukuba ifikelele malunga ne-USD 6.0 yezigidigidi ngo-2030, ikhula ngesantya sokukhula sonyaka esihlanganisiweyo (CAGR) se-4.9% ukusuka ngo-2023 ukuya ku-2030. Imigangatho yolawulo engqongqo kunye neeprothokholi zokhuseleko kumashishini afana ne-oyile negesi kunye nokusetyenzwa kweekhemikhali zonyusa ngakumbi imfuno yezisombululo zoxinzelelo oluphezulu.
Inkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji, kubandakanywa ukudityaniswa kwe-smart sensors kunye ne-Intanethi yeZinto (IoT) uqhagamshelo, ziphucula ukusebenza kwevalvu kunye nokuthembeka. Ugxininiso kukhuseleko lwezityalo kunye nokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kumashishini ahlukeneyo kwandisa ukwamkelwa kweevalvu zokunciphisa uxinzelelo oluphezulu. Ukongeza, ukwanda kweeprojekthi zamandla avuselelekayo kunye nesidingo solawulo olusebenzayo loxinzelelo kwiinkqubo zokugcina amandla zinegalelo ekukhuleni kwemarike.
Ngokwengingqi, imakethi yase-US yayixabisa i-USD 736.2 yezigidi ngo-2023, ngelixa i-China kulindeleke ukuba ikhule kwi-CAGR ephawulekayo ye-6.0%, ifikelele kwi-USD 1.1 yezigidigidi ngo-2030.
Uhlalutyo olunzulu lweMarike yeValve yokuNceda ngoxinzelelo
Imarike yevalvu yoxinzelelo iphawulwa ngomgangatho wokusebenza ophambili kunye nokutshintsha kwemarike. Icandelo le-Spring Loaded Relief Valves kulindeleke ukuba lifikelele kwi-2.6 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2030, likhula kwi-CAGR ye-4.5%. Icandelo eliLingwayo eliSebenzayo loNcedo lweVavalu kucingelwa ukuba likhule kwi-CAGR ye-5.3%. Ezi ziqendu ziqhutywa kukuthembeka kwazo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle ekugcineni uxinzelelo lwenkqubo ngaphakathi kwemida ekhuselekileyo.
Ukonyuka kotyalo-mali kwiziseko ezingundoqo kunye neeprojekthi zoshishino kulo lonke uqoqosho olusakhulayo luqhuba ngokubalulekileyo ukukhula kwemarike. Indlela yokuziphatha yabathengi itshintshela kwiinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo nezithembekileyo zokuthomalalisa uxinzelelo, eziphenjelelwa yimfuno yokhuseleko olwandisiweyo kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemithetho. Imijelo yokusasaza iyakhula, ngokukhetha ukuthengisa ngokuthe ngqo kunye nobudlelwane obucwangcisiweyo phakathi kwabavelisi kunye nabasebenzisi bokugqibela ukuqinisekisa ukunikezelwa kwevalvu ngexesha nangempumelelo.
Izinto ezintsha zamva nje zibandakanya iivalvu zoncedo loxinzelelo oluphucukileyo kunye nezakhono zokubeka iliso eziphambili. Ezi zivalo zibonelela ngedatha yexesha langempela malunga noxinzelelo lwenkqubo kunye nokusebenza kwevalve, okwenza ukugcinwa kwangaphambili kunye nokunciphisa ixesha lokunciphisa. Umjikelo wobomi bemveliso yeevalvu zokunciphisa uxinzelelo nawo uyakhula ngenxa yezixhobo ezihlala ixesha elide kunye nobuchule obuphambili bokwenza.
Ukwenziwa kwedijithali kunye nokudityaniswa kwe-IoT kuguqula imarike ngokuvumela ukubeka iliso okude kunye nolawulo lweenkqubo zevalvu. Lo mkhwa uphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokhuseleko kuwo wonke amashishini ahlukeneyo. Kukho ulwazi olukhulayo lokhuseleko kunye nokuzinza kokusingqongileyo, imfuno eqhubela phambili yokuqhuba i-valve yokunciphisa uxinzelelo oluphezulu.
Amanqaku entlungu yomthengi, njengesidingo sokusebenza okuthembekileyo kwiindawo ezibuhlungu kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemigangatho engqongqo yokhuseleko, zijongwa ngokuqhubekayo kwimveliso kunye nokuphucula. Izicwangciso zokubeka uphawu lweBrand zijolise ekunikezeni izisombululo ezibanzi, kubandakanywa ukufakela, ukugcinwa, kunye neenkonzo zokubeka iliso ngexesha lokwenyani.
Iindlela zokwahlulahlula zibandakanya ukuphuhlisa izisombululo ezilungelelanisiweyo ezilungiselelwe iimfuno ezithile zeshishini. Iimarike ze-Niche, ezifana namandla avuselelweyo kunye nokusetyenziswa koxinzelelo oluphezulu kwicandelo leoli kunye negesi, zivela njengeendawo ezibalulekileyo zokukhula kubenzi bevalve yoxinzelelo.
Imiba ephambili xa ukhetha iValve yokuNceda ngoxinzelelo
Ukukhetha ivalve yokukhulula uxinzelelo olufanelekileyo (PRV) kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko lwenkqubo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Qwalasela le miba iphambili ilandelayo:
Iindidi zeeValufa zokuNceda uxinzelelo
Iivalvu zokunciphisa uxinzelelo ziza kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo, nganye ifanele izicelo ezithile. Ezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo zi-spring-loaded, pilot-operated, and balanced bellows valves.
Iivalve ze-Spring-loaded zezona zilula kwaye zisetyenziswa kakhulu. Bathembele kumthombo wokubamba ivalve ivaliwe de uxinzelelo lwenkqubo lugqithise umda omiselweyo. Uxinzelelo lwentwasahlobo lunokulungiswa ukuze lutshintshe uxinzelelo lokuphumla. Zifanelekile kuluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo kodwa zinokuchaphazeleka ngoxinzelelo lwangasemva.
Iivalve eziqhutywa ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya zisebenzisa uxinzelelo lwenkqubo ukulawula ukuvulwa nokuvalwa kwevalve. Ziyinkimbinkimbi ngakumbi kunee-valve ezilayishwe entwasahlobo kodwa zinika ukuchaneka okuphezulu kwaye azichatshazelwa kancinci ngoxinzelelo lwangasemva. Zilungele iinkqubo zoxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nezicelo ezifuna ulawulo oluchanekileyo loxinzelelo.
Iivalve ze-balanced bellows zineentsimbi ezilinganisa uxinzelelo kumacala omabini evalve, ukunciphisa umphumo woxinzelelo lwangasemva. Zisetyenziselwa kwizicelo apho uxinzelelo lwangasemva luyinkxalabo, njengeenkqubo zokukhupha kunye neenkqubo ezivaliweyo.
Ukusebenza kunye nokusebenza
Ukusebenza kunye nokusebenza kwevalve yokunciphisa uxinzelelo kubaluleke kakhulu ekukhethweni kwayo. Iiparamitha zokusebenza eziphambili ziquka uxinzelelo olusetiweyo, ukuvuthela, kunye nomthamo.
Ukuseta uxinzelelo luxinzelelo apho ivalve ivula khona. Kufuneka ibekwe kancinci ngaphezu koxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo lokusebenza lwenkqubo ukubonelela ngokhuseleko ngaphandle kokukhutshwa okungadingekile. Uxinzelelo olumiselweyo kufuneka luchaneke kwaye luphinde luphindwe ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekileyo.
I-Blowdown ngumahluko phakathi koxinzelelo olumiselweyo kunye noxinzelelo lokubuyisela kwakhona. Ukuvuthela okuncinci kubonisa ivalve ebuthathaka ngakumbi enokuthi iphinde ikwazi ukuphinda ibuyele ngokukhawuleza emva kokunciphisa uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo. Oku kubalulekile ukugcina ukuzinza koxinzelelo lwenkqubo.
Umthamo kukukwazi kwevalvu ukukhulula umyinge ofunekayo wokuqukuqela ukuthintela uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo lwenkqubo. Umthamo umiselwa ubungakanani bevalve, uhlobo, kunye noxinzelelo lokuseta. Ngokuqhelekileyo ibonakaliswa ngokumalunga nobunzima okanye izinga lokuhamba kwe-volumetric.
Izixhobo kunye noMgangatho woKwakha
Izixhobo kunye nokwakhiwa komgangatho wevalve yokunciphisa uxinzelelo kumisela ukuqina kwayo kunye nokufaneleka kweendawo ezahlukeneyo kunye nolwelo.
Izixhobo zomzimba ziquka insimbi engenasici, intsimbi yekhabhoni, ubhedu kunye nobhedu. Intsimbi engatyiwayo inika ukuxhathisa okugqwesileyo kokutya kwaye ilungele ulwelo olundlongondlongo kunye nemekobume erhabaxa. Intsimbi yekhabhoni inika amandla afanelekileyo kwaye ineendleko-zonga kwizicelo ezingonakalisi kangako.
Izinto zokutywina kufuneka zihambelane nolwelo kunye neemeko zokusebenza. I-Elastomers ezifana neViton kunye ne-EPDM zisetyenziselwa usetyenziso oluqhelekileyo, ngelixa i-PTFE kunye negraphite zisetyenziselwa ubushushu obuphezulu kunye nobume bemichiza enobundlobongela.
Umgangatho wokwenziwa kunye nokuchaneka kwamalungu evalvu kubalulekile ekusebenzeni okuthembekileyo. Khangela iivalvu ezivela kubavelisi abathembekileyo abaneenkqubo ezingqongqo zolawulo lomgangatho kunye neziqinisekiso zoshishino.
Imigangatho yoKhuseleko kunye neziQinisekiso
Ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yokhuseleko kunye neziqinisekiso kuqinisekisa ukuba i-valve yokunciphisa uxinzelelo ihlangabezana neemfuno zeshishini kwaye inika ukhuseleko oluthembekileyo.
Iivalvu kufuneka zihambelane nemigangatho efana ne-ASME Boiler kunye ne-Pressure Vessel Code Section VIII kunye ne-API 526. Le migangatho ichaza ukuyila, uvavanyo, kunye neemfuno zokusebenza kwiivalvu zokunciphisa uxinzelelo.
Kwiivalve ezisetyenziswa eYurophu, ukumakishwa kwe-CE kubonisa ukuthotyelwa kweSikhokelo seSixhobo soxinzelelo (PED), ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-valve ihlangabezana neemfuno zokhuseleko kunye nokusebenza.
Ngokuxhomekeke kwisicelo, ezinye izatifikethi ezifana ne-ISO 9001 yolawulo lomgangatho, kunye neziqinisekiso ezivela kumaqumrhu ajongene ngqo neshishini elifana ne-American Bureau of Shipping (ABS) okanye iBhodi yeSizwe yeBoiler kunye nabaHloli beziThuthi zoxinzelelo zingafuneka.
Ukusebenziseka ngokulula kunye noLondolozo
Ukulula kokusetyenziswa kunye nokugcinwa kwevalve yokunciphisa uxinzelelo kuchaphazela ukuthembeka kwayo ekusebenzeni kunye neendleko zobomi.
Ivalve kufuneka ibe lula ukuyifaka kunye nokudibanisa kwinkqubo ekhoyo. Ingqalelo kufuneka inikwe kwiintlobo zoqhagamshelo (i-flanged, i-threaded, i-welded), i-orientation, kunye neemfuno zendawo.
I-valve kufuneka ivumele ukulungiswa lula koxinzelelo olubekiwe kunye nokuvavanya ukusebenza kwayo. Iimpawu ezinjengeendlela zohlengahlengiso lwangaphandle kunye nezixhobo zokuvavanya zinokwenza lula le misebenzi.
Ivalve kufuneka yenzelwe ukuchithwa lula kunye nokudibanisa kwakhona, kunye neendawo ezifumanekayo ezitshintshileyo. Ukugcinwa rhoqo kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthembeka kwexesha elide kunye nokusebenza.
Ukuqwalaselwa kwezinto eziphathekayo kwiiValuvu zoNcedo loxinzelelo
Ukukhethwa kwezinto ezisetyenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwee-valve zokunciphisa uxinzelelo kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuqina kwazo kunye nokuhambelana nenkqubo abayikhuselayo.
Izinto zoMzimba
Izidumbu zevalvu yoxinzelelo ziqhele ukwenziwa ngeentsimbi ezifana nentsimbi engatyiwa, intsimbi yekhabhoni, ubhedu, kunye nobhedu. Intsimbi engatyiwayo ikhethwa ngenxa yokumelana nokugqwesa kwayo okugqwesileyo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ifanelekele iindawo ezinoburhalarhume kunye nobundlongondlongo. Intsimbi yeCarbon ikhethwa ngenxa yamandla ayo kunye neendleko-zokusebenza kwizicelo ezingonakalisi kangako. Ubhedu kunye nobhedu zisetyenziselwa izicelo apho ukuxhatshazwa kwe-corrosion kuyadingeka, kodwa uxinzelelo lokusebenza kunye namaqondo okushisa aphantsi.
Izinto zokutywina
Izinto zokutywina ngaphakathi kwe-valve yokunciphisa uxinzelelo kufuneka zihambelane ne-fluid ephathwayo kunye neemeko zokusebenza. Izinto eziqhelekileyo zokutywinwa ziquka i-elastomers ezifana neViton kunye ne-EPDM, ezifanelekileyo kwizicelo eziqhelekileyo. Kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphezulu kunye nobundlongondlongo beekhemikhali, i-PTFE kunye negraphite zihlala zisetyenziswa ngenxa yokumelana kwazo neekhemikhali eziphezulu kunye nokuzinza kwe-thermal.
Ezinye izinto
Amanye amacandelo, afana nemithombo kunye ne-diaphragms, nayo ifuna ukukhethwa kwezinto ngononophelo. Imithombo idla ngokwenziwa ngentsimbi engatyiwa okanye i-Inconel ukumelana noxinzelelo kunye nemekobume eyonakalisayo. I-diaphragms inokwenziwa ngee-elastomers okanye isinyithi, ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zokusetyenziswa.
Ukuqhubela phambili kweTekhnoloji kwiiValuvu zoNcedo loxinzelelo
Ukuqhubela phambili kwetekhnoloji kwiivalvu zokunciphisa uxinzelelo kuye kwaphucula ukusebenza kwazo, ukuthembeka, kunye nokulula ukusetyenziswa.
Iivalvu ezihlakaniphile
Iivalve zokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwe-Smart zibandakanya i-sensor kunye neenkqubo zokulawula idijithali ukujonga kunye nokulungelelanisa ukusebenza kwazo ngexesha langempela. Ezi zivalo zinokubonelela ngedatha kuxinzelelo lwenkqubo, indawo yevalvu, kunye neemethrikhi zokusebenza, okwenza ukugcinwa okusebenzayo kunye nokulungiswa kokusebenza kwenkqubo. Ukudityaniswa kunye neeplatifti ze-IoT (IIoT) zamashishini zivumela ukubeka iliso kunye nokulawula kude, ukuphucula ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.
Izinto eziphambili
Ukuphuhliswa kwezinto eziphambili kuye kwaphucula ukuqina kunye nokusebenza kweevalve zokunciphisa uxinzelelo. I-alloys esebenza kakhulu kunye nezixhobo ezidibeneyo zinika ukuxhathisa okuphuculweyo, amandla, kunye nokuzinza kweqondo lokushisa, ukwandisa ubomi benkonzo yevalve kunye nokuthembeka kwizicelo ezifunwayo.
I-Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-computational fluid dynamics (CFD) kuyilo kunye novavanyo lweevalvu zokunciphisa uxinzelelo kuye kwakhokelela kuyilo lwevalvu olusebenzayo nolusebenzayo. Ukulinganisa kweCFD kuvumela iinjineli ukuba zihlalutye ukuhamba kwamanzi, ukuhanjiswa koxinzelelo, kunye nemiphumo ye-thermal, ukuphucula ukusebenza kwevalve kunye nokunciphisa imfuno yeprototypes yomzimba kunye novavanyo.
Ukuthotyelwa koLawulo kunye neMigangatho yoShishino
Ukuthotyelwa kweemfuno zolawulo kunye nemigangatho yoshishino kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko kunye nokuthembeka kweevalvu zokunciphisa uxinzelelo.
IMigangatho ye-ASME kunye ne-API
Iivalve zokunciphisa uxinzelelo kufuneka zihambelane nemigangatho efana ne-ASME Boiler kunye ne-Pressure Vessel Code Section VIII kunye ne-API 526. Le migangatho ichaza iimfuno zoyilo, izixhobo, ukuvelisa, ukuvavanya, kunye nokusebenza, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iivalve zibonelela ngokhuseleko oluthembekileyo malunga noxinzelelo.
I-European Pressure Equipment Directive (PED)
Kwiivalve ezisetyenziswa eYurophu, ukuthotyelwa koMyalelo weSixhobo soxinzelelo (PED) kuyadingeka. I-PED ibeka iimfuno ezibalulekileyo zokhuseleko loyilo, ukuveliswa, kunye novavanyo oluhambelanayo lwezixhobo zoxinzelelo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iivalve zihlangabezana nemigangatho ephezulu yokhuseleko kunye nokusebenza.
Izatifikethi ezingqale kuShishino
Ngokuxhomekeke kwisicelo, izatifikethi ezongezelelweyo zinokufuneka. Umzekelo, iivalve ezisetyenziswa kwizicelo zaselwandle zinokufuna isatifikethi kwi-American Bureau of Shipping (ABS), ngelixa ezo zisetyenziswa kwishishini leoli kunye negesi zinokufuna ukuthotyelwa kwe-ISO 10497 yovavanyo lomlilo.
Iingcinga zokuGqibela kwiiValufa zokuNceda ngoxinzelelo
Iivalve zokunciphisa uxinzelelo ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweenkqubo zoxinzelelo. Ukukhetha i-valve efanelekileyo kubandakanya ukuqwalasela izinto ezifana nohlobo, ukusebenza, izinto eziphathekayo, imigangatho yokhuseleko, kunye nokulula kokusetyenziswa. Ukuqhubela phambili kobuchwepheshe kunye nokuthotyelwa kweemfuneko zolawulo kukwaphakamisa ngakumbi ukuthembeka nokusebenza kwezi valve. Ngokuphonononga ngononophelo ezi zinto, amashishini anokuqinisekisa ukuba iinkqubo zawo zikhuselwe ngokugqithisileyo, ukunciphisa umngcipheko womonakalo kunye nexesha lokunciphisa.
