Isiqulatho
● Intshayelelo
● Isishwankathelo semarike
● Iindidi ezahlukeneyo kunye neempawu zazo
● Izinto ekufuneka uziqwalasele xa ukhetha iimveliso
● Umqukumbelo
intshayelelo
Iialamu zeemoto zibalulekile kukhuseleko lwesithuthi, zinika ukhuseleko kubusela kunye nokufikelela okungagunyaziswanga. Ngokunyuka kweziganeko zokubiwa kweemoto kwihlabathi jikelele, intengiso yeenkqubo zokhuseleko lweemoto ifumana ukukhula okubonakalayo. Inkqubela phambili yezobuchwephesha iphucule iimpawu kunye nokusebenza kwezi nkqubo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zibe yimfuneko kwizithuthi zala maxesha. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zee-alamu zeemoto zibonelela ngeemfuno ezahlukeneyo zokhuseleko, zibonelela ngemisebenzi esisiseko kunye nephambili. Ukukhetha i-alam yemoto efanelekileyo kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko olululo lwesithuthi kunye noxolo lwengqondo.
ubenemboniselo Market
Izinga lemarike kunye nokukhula
Imarike yenkqubo yokhuseleko lwemoto yehlabathi ixabisa i-8.59 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2022 kwaye kuqikelelwa ukuba iya kufikelela kwi-15.22 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2031, ikhula ngesantya sokukhula sonyaka esihlanganisiweyo (CAGR) se-6.7% ukusuka ngo-2023 ukuya ku-2031. Oorhulumente abohlukeneyo baphumeza imithetho engqongqo ukomeleza ukhuseleko lwezithuthi, beqhubela phambili ukwandiswa kweemarike. Abavelisi batyala imali eninzi ukuze bathobele le migaqo kwaye bavelise izisombululo ezitsha zokhuseleko, ngaloo ndlela benegalelo ekukhuleni kwemarike.
Inkqubela phambili engundoqo
Inkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji, enje ngesantya esiphezulu sokuqhagamshelwa kwe-intanethi kunye nokudityaniswa kweenkqubo zokubeka indawo zehlabathi (i-GPS), ziyincede kakhulu imarike yenkqubo yokhuseleko lweemoto. Ukwamkelwa kobu buchwepheshe kunika iimpawu zokhuseleko oluphezulu, okwenza ii-alam zemoto zisebenze ngakumbi ekuthinteleni ubusela kunye nokufikelela okungagunyaziswanga. Ukukhula kwemarike kukwaphenjelelwa kukudityaniswa okunyanzelekileyo kwamanyathelo okhuseleko asisiseko kuwo onke amacandelo ezithuthi, kubandakanywa neemoto zabakhweli ezinexabiso eliphantsi. Nangona kunjalo, iindleko zezi nkqubo eziphambili kunye neentlawulo ezinokuthi zibhalisele iimpawu ezithile zingabangela imingeni ekwandiseni imarike.
Iimbono zengingqi
Ngokwengingqi, uMntla Merika ubambe isabelo esibalulekileyo semakethi yenkqubo yokhuseleko lweemoto, eqhutywa kukukhula kweshishini leemoto kunye nenqanaba eliphezulu lokubiwa kweemoto, elonyusa imfuno yofakelo lokhuseleko lwasemva kwentengiso. Ummandla waseAsia Pacific kulindeleke ukuba ubone ukukhula okukhawulezayo ngenxa yokwanda kwemveliso kunye nokuthunyelwa kwezithuthi kwamanye amazwe, kunye noshishino olukhulayo lwasemva kwentengiso. Oku kukhula kwengingqi kuxhaswa kukukhula kokuqonda kwabathengi kunye nokwamkelwa kweenkqubo zokhuseleko lwezithuthi eziphambili.
Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye neempawu zazo
Iialamu zemoto ezisebenzayo
Izivusi zemoto ezisebenzayo zibandakanya xa iinzame ezingagunyaziswanga zenziwe ukufikelela kwisithuthi, njengokuvula ucango, i-trunk, okanye ihood. Ezi nkqubo ngokuqhelekileyo zisebenzisa izinzwakazi zemagneti okanye ezikufutshane ukuze zibone iintshukumo. I-alam ivulwa ngesandla kusetyenziswa i-fob yesitshixo okanye i-remote control, kwaye yakuba iqalile, inokukhupha iisiren ezingaphezu kwe-120 decibels kunye nezibane ezidanyazayo ukunqanda amasela kunye nokutsala ingqalelo. Ezinye iimodeli zikwabandakanya iimpawu ezifana nokusikwa komlilo, ukuthintela injini ukuba iqalise.
Ii-alam zemoto ezidlulayo
Ii-alam zemoto ezihambayo zixhobe ngokuzenzekelayo xa ukucima kucinyiwe kwaye isithuthi sitshixiwe. Ezi nkqubo zihlala zibandakanya izithinteli ezihambayo ezivala inkqubo yokukhanyisa isithuthi, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuqalisa injini ngaphandle kwesitshixo esifanelekileyo okanye ukude. Basebenzisa indibaniselwano yezinzwa, kubandakanywa umnyango, ihood, kunye ne-trunk sensors, ukujonga ukufikelela okungagunyaziswanga. Ii-alam ze-passive zibonelela ngesisombululo sokhuseleko esingenamthungo ngokuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo ihlala isebenza ngaphandle kokufuna ungenelelo lomsebenzisi.
Iialamu zeemoto ezimbini
Ii-alamu zeemoto ezimbini zinika unxibelelwano lwexesha lokwenyani phakathi kwesithuthi kunye nomnini. Ezi nkqubo zisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe beRF (radio frequency) ukusasaza idatha ngapha nangapha. Ulawulo olukude lukholisa ukuba nesikrini se-LCD esibonisa isimo sesithuthi, esifana nokuba i-alam ixhobile okanye ayixhomile, kwaye ilumkise umnini ukuba i-alam ibaliwe. Iimodeli ezikwinqanaba eliphambili zinokuthumela izaziso kwi-smartphone yomnini, ibonelela ngohlaziyo lobume besithuthi kunye nokuvumela imisebenzi yolawulo olukude njengokutshixa/ukuvula iingcango okanye ukuvula i-alam.
Iialamu zemoto zeGPS
Iialamu zeemoto ze-GPS zidibanisa itekhnoloji yeGPS ukubonelela ngomkhondo wendawo kunye nezilumkiso zexesha lokwenyani. Ezi nkqubo zisebenzisa isamkeli se-GPS ukujonga indawo yesithuthi kwaye zinokuthumela idatha yendawo kwi-smartphone yomnini okanye isikhululo sokubeka iliso esiphakathi. Ukuba isithuthi sifunyenwe ngaphandle kwesigunyaziso, isaziso sithunyelwa ngokukhawuleza. Ezinye iinkqubo ziquka iimpawu ze-geo-fencing, ezichazela umninimzi ukuba isithuthi sihamba ngaphandle kwendawo echazwe kwangaphambili, siphucula ukhuseleko kunye nokunceda ekubuyiseni ubusela.
Ii-alam zemoto yesivamvo esothusayo
I-alamu yemoto ye-shock sensor ixhotyiswe nge-accelerometers okanye i-piezoelectric sensors ezibona ukunyakaza okanye iimpembelelo kwisithuthi. Ezi zoluvo zilinganisa amandla kunye necala lokothuka ukumisela ukuba ingaba sisoyikiso esinokuba khona, esifana nokuzama ukungena okanye ukonakaliswa. Xa impembelelo ifunyenwe, inkqubo ibangela i-alamu. Izinzwa ezothusayo eziphezulu zinokwahlula phakathi kokuphazamiseka okuncinci, njengelori edlulayo, kunye neempembelelo ezibalulekileyo, ukunciphisa i-alamu yobuxoki.
Iialarm zemoto ezikude
Ii-alamu zemoto ezikude zidibanisa ukusebenza kwe-alam yemoto kunye ne-alam ye-injini ekude. Ezi nkqubo zivumela isithuthi ukuba siqaliswe kude kusetyenziswa isilawuli kude. Umsebenzi wokuqalisa ukude udla ngokudityaniswa neempawu zokhuseleko ezifana nokutshixa ucango, ukuqinisekisa ukuba isithuthi sihlala sikhuselekile naxa injini isebenza. Ezinye iisistim zibandakanya izivamvo zobushushu kwaye zinokuqalisa ngokuzenzekelayo injini ukugcina ubushushu obutofotofo bangaphakathi.
I-alamu yemoto yomsindo we-Tilt
I-alamu ye-tilt sensor yemoto yenzelwe ukubona utshintsho kwi-engile yesithuthi, ezifana nezo zibangelwa kukutsala okanye ukukrazula. Ezi nkqubo zisebenzisa abenzi boluvo be-gyroscopic ukujonga i-angle ethambekileyo yesithuthi. Ukuba i-angle iyatshintsha ngaphaya komda othile, ebonisa umzamo wobusela obunokubakho, i-alamu iyaqaliswa. Izinzwa zokuthambeka zisebenza ngokukodwa ngokuchasene nokubiwa kwevili kunye nokutsala okungagunyaziswanga.
Iialamu zemoto zokuqhawula isivamvo seglasi
I-alamu yemoto ye-Glass break sensor zisebenzisa i-acoustic sensors ukubona ukuphindaphinda kwesandi sokuqhekeza iglasi. Ezi zivamvo zilinganiswe ukuba ziqaphele uluhlu oluthile lwamaza okwenziwa xa iglasi iqhekeka. Xa umzamo wokuqhekeza obandakanya iglasi yefestile ubhaqiwe, i-alamu iyasebenza. Ezinye iimodeli eziphambili zisebenzisa itekhnoloji ezimbini, ukudibanisa i-acoustic kunye ne-pressure sensors, ukuphucula ukuchaneka kokufumanisa kunye nokunciphisa i-alamu yobuxoki.
Izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa ukhetha iimveliso
Uhlobo lwenkqubo
Ukukhetha phakathi kwendlela enye kunye neendlela ezimbini kubandakanya ukuqonda izakhono zabo zokunxibelelana. Iinkqubo zendlela enye zihambisa imiqondiso ukusuka kwindawo ekude ukuya kwisithuthi kodwa aziboneleli ngempendulo, ziyenza ibelula kwaye ingabizi kakhulu. Iinkqubo zeendlela ezimbini zisebenzisa i-RF (i-radio frequency) iteknoloji ukuthumela imiqondiso zombini ukuya kunye nokubuya kwisithuthi, ukubonelela ngohlaziyo lwexesha lokwenyani, njengokuqinisekiswa kwezitshixo zeminyango okanye izivusi ze-alam. Olu nxibelelwano lwamacala omabini lukhulisa ukhuseleko ngokuvumela ukubekwa esweni ngokuqhubekayo kobume besithuthi, nto leyo ebalulekileyo kwiindawo ezibiwa kakhulu.
Iimpawu ze-alamu
Iialamu zeemoto zanamhlanje ziza neempawu ezahlukeneyo ezomeleza zombini ukhuseleko kunye nokulula. Iisistim zokuqalisa ezikude zikholisa ukusebenzisa ufihlo olukhuselekileyo lwedatha ukunqanda uthintelo lomqondiso, okuvumela isithuthi ukuba siqaliswe ukusuka kumgama ozimayile. Ukudityaniswa kwesitshixo socango lwamandla kusebenzisa inkqubo yokutshixa esembindini yesithuthi, enokulawulwa nge-alam ekude, ephucula ukusetyenziswa lula. Izinzwa ezisondele, zisebenzisa itekhnoloji ye-ultrasonic okanye ye-microwave, ibona intshukumo ejikeleze isithuthi kwaye inokubonelela ngezilumkiso ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke ukwaphulwa. Izinzwa zempembelelo, zihlala zi-piezoelectric okanye i-MEMS-based, zifumanisa ukutshatyalaliswa okanye ukungcangcazela ukusuka ekuzameni ukuqhekeza kwaye kubangele i-alamu. Immobilising features electronically disable the ignition system, rhoqo usebenzisa iitshiphusi zetransponder ezinxibelelana ne-ECU yesithuthi ukuthintela ukuqala okungagunyaziswanga.
Ufakelo kunye neendleko
Ufakelo lobungcali luyimfuneko ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba inkqubo ye-alamu idityaniswe ngokuchanekileyo kunye nenkqubo yombane yesithuthi. Ukufakela okungafanelekanga kunokukhokelela ekungaphumeleli kwenkqubo okanye i-alamu zobuxoki. Iindleko zokufakela zingahluka ngokusekelwe kubunzima benkqubo kunye nemodeli yesithuthi. Ukongeza, iimpawu ezinjengokulandelela iGPS zinokufuna umrhumo wobhaliso, ukongeza kwiindleko zizonke. Ezi nkqubo zokulandelela zisebenzisa imiqondiso yesathelayithi ukubonelela ngedatha yendawo yexesha langempela, enokuthi ibaluleke kakhulu ekubuyiseleni izithuthi ezibiweyo.
Indawo yokusetyenziswa
Imeko yendawo apho isithuthi simi khona sidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekunqumeni iimpawu eziyimfuneko ze-alamu yemoto. Ngokomzekelo, izithuthi ezipakwe kwizakhiwo eziphakamileyo okanye kwiindawo zasezidolophini ezinokuphazamiseka okuphawulekayo kwe-elektroniki zinokuthi zizuze kwii-alarms ezinekhono lonxibelelwano oluphezulu, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimpawu zithunyelwa kwaye zamkelwe ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka. Iinkqubo ezinoluhlu olwandisiweyo lokusebenza, ngamanye amaxesha ukuya kwiikhilomitha ezintathu, ziqinisekisa ukuba isithuthi sinokulawulwa kude nakwiimeko ezinzima.
Ukhuseleko olongezelelweyo
Ukuvavanya imfuneko yezivamvo ezongezelelweyo kubalulekile kwizithuthi ezipakwe kwiindawo ezinomngcipheko omkhulu okanye ezo ziphethe izinto zexabiso. Izinzwa ze-Tilt, usebenzisa i-accelerometers okanye iteknoloji ye-gyroscopic, ibona utshintsho kwi-angle yesithuthi, ukuthintela ukubiwa ngokukhupha okanye ukususwa kwevili. Izivamvo zokwaphula iglasi, zisebenzisa izinzwa ezivakalayo eziqaphela ukuphindaphindwa kokuqhekezwa kweglasi, zibonelela ngokhuseleko olongezelelweyo ngokuchasene nokuhlaselwa kwe-smash-and- grab. Iisistim ezikwinqanaba eliphezulu zinokudibanisa iindidi ezininzi zoluvo ukunyusa ukuchaneka kokubonwa kunye nokunciphisa iialamu zobuxoki.
isiphelo
Ukukhetha i-alam yemoto efanelekileyo kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko lwesithuthi kunye noxolo lwengqondo. Ngeentlobo ngeentlobo zeempawu eziphambili kunye nobuchwepheshe obukhoyo, kubalulekile ukukhetha inkqubo ehlangabezana neemfuno ezithile zokhuseleko kwaye ihambelana nokusingqongileyo kwesithuthi. Utyalo-mali kwinkqubo ye-alarm esemgangathweni ayikhuseli kuphela ubusela kunye nokufikelela okungagunyaziswanga kodwa iphakamisa ukhuseleko olupheleleyo kunye nokusebenza kwesithuthi.
