I-Dredgers zisetyenziselwa ukuhambisa kunye nokubuyisela izinto ezivela emlanjeni kunye nebhedi yolwandle kwiiprojekthi zokwakha kunye nokuphucula iindlela zamanzi. Kukho ezininzi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-dredgers ekhoyo, nganye inosetyenziso olukhethekileyo.
Eli nqaku lijonga kwiindidi eziphambili ze-dredgers, liqaqambisa indlela ezisebenza ngayo kunye nendlela ezisetyenziswa ngayo, kwaye lijonge ezinye zeemodeli ezidumileyo ezikhoyo kwintengiso ngo-2024.
Isiqulatho
Ukukhula okuqikelelweyo kwemarike yeedrodi
Yintoni ukukrazula?
Iidrayivu zoomatshini
Iidraulic dredgers
Yintoni ekufuneka uyiqwalasele xa ukhetha i-dredger
Iingcamango zokugqibela
Ukukhula okuqikelelweyo kwemarike yeedrodi
Ukugrumba, ukugrumba imilambo, imisele kunye neebhedi zolwandle, ukucoca nokuphucula ukuhamba kwamanzi okanye ukubuyisela izinto ezifunwayo, lishishini eliphumelelayo. Ukunciphisa kuye kubaluleke kakhulu ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi:
- Kukho imfuneko yokujonga phambili kwisoyikiso sokutshintsha kwemekobume, ukunyuka kwamaqondo olwandle, ukhukuliseko lwamanxweme kunye nokwanda kwezoyikiso ezivela kwimijikelo yemozulu embi. Ukukhupha amanzi kunceda ukunciphisa ukhukuliseko kunye nokwakha ukhuselo lwezikhukhula.
- Ukucoca kunceda ukucoca imijelo yamanzi kwizityalo zasemanzini ezingcolisiweyo, kunye nokunciphisa ukwakhiwa kwentlenga evela kwi-biowaste, kunye nokususa ukungcola okufunxwa zizinto ezisezantsi kwamanzi. Ukugcina iindlela zamanzi zicocekile kugcina kwaye kukhuthaza ukukhula okunempilo kobomi basemanzini kunye nenkqubo yendalo yamanzi.
- Kwezorhwebo, ukukhula kothungelwano lwehlabathi kunye notyalo-mali kwiziseko ezingundoqo zamazibuko kufuna ukugrunjwa kunye nokulungiswa kwesanti kunye negrabile. Ukukhula kwehlabathi jikelele kulwakhiwo kukwadala imfuno yesanti kunye negrabile.
Imakethi ye-dredger ibonwa yahlulahlulwe kakhulu, ngokuyinxenye ngenxa yeentlobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo ze-dredger ezikhoyo, kunye nomxube wabadlali abakhulu kunye neenkonzo ezincinci zokutsala. Uhlumo lwehlabathi lulonke lulungile ngeenkcukacha-manani zengingqi ezibonisa ukukhula okukhethekileyo okukhethayo.
Kwihlabathi jikelele, imakethi yokumisa ikhula ngesantya esizinzileyo sokukhula konyaka (CAGR) ye-2.15% kwithuba lika-2024 ukuya ku-2034. Ngexabiso, imarike ikhula ukusuka kwixabiso langoku US$16,684 yezigidi zeedola ngo-2024 kwixabiso eliqikelelweyo le US$20,638.92 yezigidi nge2034.
Ngokwengingqi, e-Asiya, eTshayina naseJapan baqikelela ukukhula kwe 5.1% kunye ne5.7% ngokulandelelanayo kwixesha le-2024-2034. EMelika, i-US yenza iprojekthi a I-CAGR ye-2% ngelixa eYurophu, iiprojekthi zaseJamani a I-CAGR ye-3.8%.
Yintoni ukukrazula?
Ukrweca yinkqubo yokwemba, ukususa okanye ukubuyisela imathiriyeli ukusuka ezantsi kumbindi wamanzi, onokuba ngumgaqo wamanzi ongekho nzulu ongaphakathi okanye elwandle.
Ukuhlamba kunokwenziwa ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi ezahlukeneyo:
- ukususa ukufumba kwentlenga kunye nentlenga evalela ukuhamba okukhululekileyo okanye ukuhamba kwamanzi simahla ecaleni kwendlela yamanzi;
- ukususa izinto zokulungisa umhlaba,
- ukukhupha izinto ezinqwenelekayo zokusetyenziswa kwenye indawo kukwakha, njengesanti kunye negrabile,
- ukufumana kwakhona izimbiwa ezinexabiso kurhwebo ezifana negolide.
I-Dredgers isebenza kwindawo emileyo, buyisela izixhobo kuloo ndawo, uze uqhubele phambili kwindawo elandelayo. Iimathiriyeli ezifunyenweyo zihluzwa kwaye zihlelwe ngoko nangoko okanye zilahlwe kwisikhephe esikufutshane okanye kwindawo emileyo kwaye ihlelwe kamva.
Kukho iindlela ezimbini ezahlukeneyo ezahlukeneyo zokutsala, ukutsalwa koomatshini, kunye nokutsalwa kwe-hydraulic suction:
- Ukrwada ngoomatshini kusebenzisa i-backhoe diggers, i-grabbers, okanye ii-emele ukubamba okanye ukukhupha izinto ukusuka ezantsi.
- Ukutsalwa kwe-hydraulic suction dredging kusebenzisa imibhobho kunye neendlela zokufunxa ukukhulula imathiriyeli kwaye emva koko ifunxe umbhobho wokucoca.
Imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo ifuna iindlela ezahlukeneyo, ezinciphisa ukhetho lwe-dredger kwiintlobo ezininzi ezikhoyo. Iindlela ezahlukeneyo kunye neentlobo zoomatshini ziboniswe kweli candelo lilandelayo.
Iidrayivu zoomatshini
Iidrayivu zoomatshini ziqhele ukuba lolunye lweentlobo ezintathu, idigger okanye i-backhoe dredgers, i-emele dredgers, ukubamba okanye i-clamshell dredgers. Basebenza ngokukhupha imathiriyeli kumandlalo wamanzi baze bayiphakamisele phezulu ukuze bahluze baze bahlelwe.
Digger okanye backhoe dredgers
I-Digger okanye i-backhoe dredgers isebenzisa i-excavator-efana ne-backhoe boom kunye ne-scoop enokufikelela ezantsi emanzini ukugrumba kunye nokukhupha izinto ezivela kumandlalo wamanzi.
Nje ukuba iqonga elidadayo libotshelelwe ngokufanelekileyo, i-backhoe ingasetyenziselwa ukubuyisela imathiriyeli kwaye iphoswe kwisikhephe esidadayo esikufuphi. Izixhobo ziya kuthuthelwa kwenye indawo ukuze zihluzwe kwaye zihlelwe.
le amphibious backhoe dredger ibhengezwe njengelungele ukugrunjwa kumanzi angekho nzulu ngokunjalo nakumhlaba ongumgxobhozo nomanzi. Ubume bayo bepontoni kunye nesihlangu esitywiniweyo esimilise okwebhokisi siyivumela ukuba ihambe ngokukhuselekileyo kwaye isebenze kwintlenga namanzi. Le modeli inobunzulu bokusebenza be-8 ft (2.5m) kwaye ifumaneka phakathi kwe-US $ 22,500 kunye ne-US $ 24,500.
Le modeli ye i-backhoe dredger inokusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinamanzi angekho nzulu, kwiindawo eziselunxwemeni naselwandle, emilanjeni namadama. Kucetyiswa ukuba kukhuthulwe, kubuyiselwe kwaye kususwe. I-boom yokufikelela ixesha elide inika ubunzulu bokwemba ukuya kuthi ga kwi-21.5 ft (6.5m) kwaye olu guqulelo lufumaneka nge-US $ 160,000.
Iidrayivu zamabhakethi
I-Bucket dredgers zisebenzisa ikhonkco elijikelezayo leebhakethi kwi-barge emileyo, kunye ne-boom eya ezantsi kwibhedi yamanzi. Njengoko ii-emele zihamba ecaleni kwe-boom, i-emele nganye ikhupha izinto ukusuka ezantsi kwaye emva koko iwise izinto kwi-sifter kwidekhi ye-dredger.
le idreyi yeebhakethi luhlobo lwesikhephe esizihambelayo, kunye nebhakethi yekhonkco kunye nebhokisi yesakhiwo se-hull assembly. Ilungele ukutsalwa kwesanti okanye igolide, kwaye iza nezixhobo zokwahlula umxhuzulane. Amandla avela kwijenereyitha ye-diesel eqhuba onke amandla ombane kwi-dredger. Le modeli inobunzulu obungama-65 ft (20m) bokutsala kwaye iyafumaneka phakathi kwe-US$37,000 kunye ne-US$38,000.
Le modeli ye idreyi yeebhakethi ibhengezwa njengelungele ukugrunjwa kwegolide nedayimani kwiindawo ngeendawo ezibandakanya amazibuko, imilambo, amachibi, amadama kunye nolwandle. Le modeli inobunzulu bokutsalwa kwe-98 ft (30m) kwaye iyafumaneka phakathi kwe-US$ 10,000 kunye ne-US $ 15,000.
Bamba okanye i-clamshell dredgers
Ukubamba i-dredgers, okanye i-clamshell dredgers, sebenzisa ibhakethi enkulu enokuthi ivule kwaye ivale (njenge-clamshell), ukubamba izinto ezivela ngaphantsi kwamanzi. Ibhakethi ithotywa ngentambo kwaye inokuya kubunzulu ngakumbi kune-backhoe okanye i-bucket dredgers.
Nje ukuba ibhakethi ithotywe ukuya ezantsi, iyavala ngoomatshini ukuze ikhuphe 'iluma' emandla kumandlalo wamanzi, ize itsalwe umva ibuyele phezulu ukuze ibeke umthwalo kwinqanawa ekufutshane.
Iibhakethi zeClamshell inokufakwa kwii-crane mounts kwi-dredgers kwaye kukho uluhlu olubanzi lwe-clamshell yoyilo lwebhakethi ekhoyo yokuthenga. Le modeli yebhakethi ifumaneka phakathi kwe-US $ 500 kunye ne-US $ 3,000.
Iidraulic dredgers
I-Hydraulic dredgers isebenza ngokufunxa izinto ezisebhedini yamanzi. Ziyaphazamisa kwaye zikhulule isanti kunye nentlenga ukuze zenze i-slurry, ethi emva koko icocwe phezulu ngombhobho. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ezibonelela ngokutsalwa kokufunxa, ezona zixhaphakileyo ngokuba zii-cutter suction dredgers kunye ne-suction dredger.
Cutter suction dredgers
I-Cutter suction dredgers inombhobho omkhulu wokufunxa, kodwa kwakhona inesixhobo sokusika esijikelezayo esifakwe entlokweni yombhobho ukuze sigrumbe ebhedini, siwuqhawule kwaye siwukhulule ukulungiselela ukufunxa.
Le ndlela yokuqhawula izinto yenza ukuba ifaneleke kakhulu kwi-dense ephantsi, okanye enye ehlanganiswe ngamatye kunye namatye anzima. Lo msiki uqhekeza izinto, aze azifunxe ngombhobho wokufunxa.
Ezi dredgers zisebenza kwindawo emiselweyo, kwaye zinokuza ngamandla azo okanye zifune ukutsalwa kwindawo yazo. Xa sele ikwindawo, umbhobho kunye nomsiki zithotywa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-angle ye-45 degree ukuya emlanjeni okanye ezantsi elwandle.
le i-cutter suction dredger iza ngobukhulu obahlukeneyo kunye nobude bombhobho obunika ubunzulu bokutsala okanye phakathi kwe-26 ft (8m) kunye ne-52 ft (16m). Umbhobho wokufunxa une-2 ft (0.6m) ubukhulu, i-5 ft (1.5m) intloko yokusika kunye nombhobho wokukhupha ama-20" (0.5m). Iyakwazi ukucubungula isanti esomileyo ngesantya se-18,000 ft³/h (500 m³/h). Le modeli inokunikezelwa okanye ngaphandle kwamandla ayo, kwaye amaxabiso aphakathi kwe-US $ 27,540 kunye ne-US $ 110,155.
le i-cutter suction dredger inobunzulu bokutsala obuyi-32 ft (10m), kunye nombhobho wokufunxa oyi-12” (0.3m) ubukhulu kunye nombhobho wokukhupha oyi-10” (0.25m). Lo mzekelo ungalungisa isanti esomileyo ngesantya se 35,300 ft³/h (1000 m³/h), kwaye amaxabiso aphakathi kwe US$ 30,981 kunye ne US $ 33,735.
Ukwahluka kwi-cutter dredger yi ibhakethi ivili dredger, ethatha indawo yentloko yomsiki ojikelezayo ngevili lebhakethi. Oku kusasebenzisa indlela yokufunxa, kodwa isebenzisa amazinyo eemele ukuqokelela imathiriyeli kunamazinyo okusika ukophula ibhedi yamanzi. Le modeli inobunzulu bokutsalwa kwe-50 ft (15m), kwaye iyafumaneka phakathi kwe-US $ 570,495 kunye ne-US $ 611,244.
Isixhobo sokufunxa
Izixhobo zokufunxa zisebenza ngokusebenzisa indlela enamandla efana ne-vacuum ukufunxa imathiriyeli ukusuka emazantsi amanzi. Ngokungafaniyo nezixhobo zokufunxa ezifunxayo, ezi aziyophuli ibhedi yamanzi kuqala, ngoko ke zisetyenziswa kakuhle apho ibhedi iyisanti ekhululekileyo kunye nentlenga.
Ezi drodi zisebenza kakuhle ekubuyiseni isanti kunye negrabile ukuze zisetyenziswe ekwakhiweni kwenye indawo. Nangona kunjalo, zikwadume ngokukhupha amasuntswana egolide emanzini.
Isanti kunye negrabile iyahluzwa kwaye idluliselwe kwi-sluice ukuze kubanjwe kwaye kugcinwe nayiphi na igolide eqokelelweyo, ngelixa isanti engafunekiyo kunye negrabile ikhutshelwa emanzini.
le ukufunxa dredger iza nokuba yi-8 (0.2m) okanye i-16” (0.4m) yempompo yokufunxa umthamo, kwaye inokuhla iye kubunzulu be-115 ft (35m). Impompo yokufunxa inokusebenza phakathi kwe-2,825 ft³/h (80 m³/h) kunye ne-18,363 ft³/h (520 m³/h). Ixabiso lale modeli yi-US $ 85,370.
le ukufunxa dredger inokurhuqa ukuya kubunzulu be-66 ft (20m). Impompo yokufunxa inokusebenza isanti ngesantya se-1,765 ft³/h (50 m³/h). Kunconywa isanti okanye i-silt, kwaye ngokukodwa kwizinto eziphathekayo ezingenalo ngaphezu kwe-30% yamatye okanye umxholo wegrabile. Ixabiso lale modeli yi-US$ 10,740.
Yintoni ekufuneka uyiqwalasele xa ukhetha i-dredger
Yeyiphi imathiriyeli eyenziwayo?
Izinto eziza kuphinda zibange, kunye nenjongo yokucoca, iya kugqiba kakhulu uhlobo lwe-dredger oluza kunyulwa.
Apho ulwandle okanye umandlalo womlambo uxinene kwaye uxinene, unamatye namatye amakhulu angenako ukukhukulwa lula okanye ukucocwa, imfuneko ephambili iya kuba umsiki wokusika. Ibhedi yamanzi iya kufuneka iqhekezwe ngaphambi kokuba ibuyiselwe, kwaye eyona ndlela ingcono yokwenza oko kukusika.
Apho imfuneko ikukubuyisela intlabathi okanye igrabile, eza kusetyenziswa kulwakhiwo kwenye indawo, ngoko ke iindlela ezimbalwa zinokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo, kubandakanywa idrayivu yokufunxa, i-emele dredger okanye i-backhoe dredger.
Apho ukutsalwa kukubuyisela igolide okanye ezinye izinto ezixabisekileyo, ukutsalwa ngokufunxa yeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo, ngesixhobo sokuhluza kunye nokucofa njengoko isanti kunye nentlenga ifunyanwa.
Ukugrumba ngokunzulu, kwesanti, intlenga yentlenga okanye amatye axengaxengayo, emva koko ukubamba okanye i-backhoe dredgers iya kusebenza kakuhle.
Isantya yokubuyisela kunye nomthamo
Nayiphi na inkampani esebenzela ukudiliza kunye nokusetyenzwa kwemathiriyeli ebuyiselweyo iya kujoliswa kwisantya sokugqiba, yimalini enokuqokelelwa ngomzuzu omnye kwaye ingakanani enokusetyenzwa ngeyure, ngokuqhelekileyo ilinganiselwa njenge-ft³/h (m³/h).
Uninzi lwe-dredger lumile, lusebenza kwindawo esisigxina, kwaye emva koko lusebenza kuloo ndawo. Ingakanani into abanokubuyisela ngayo kuya kuxhomekeka kuqala kuhlobo lwe-dredger, kwaye emva koko kubungakanani kunye namandla esixhobo sokukrazula.
Kwi-dredgers yoomatshini, umthamo unqunywe ngubukhulu bebhakethi okanye i-grab / clamshell. Okukhona ibhakethi lilikhulu, kokukhona isanti okanye igrabile inokugrunjwa ngexesha elinye. Isantya sinqunywe yintshukumo yomatshini webhakethi kunye nomqhubi.
Kwimibhobho ye-hydraulic dredgers, umthamo unqunywe ngobubanzi bemibhobho yokufunxa kunye nokukhupha, kunye namandla eempompo zokuqhuba ukutsala. Nalu ukhetho oluncinci (ukusuka kwiinkcukacha zababoneleli) besantya sokutsala xa kuthelekiswa nobubanzi bombhobho wokufunxa. Ezi nkcukacha-manani azikho mgca, njengoko ezinye izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe iya kuba kukusika ubungakanani bentloko, ububanzi bombhobho wokukhupha, kunye namandla epompo:
| Ububanzi bombhobho wokufunxa kwii-intshizi (imitha) | Umthamo wokucoca kwi-cubic ft ngeyure (cubic metres ngeyure) |
| 6" (0.15m) | 1,765 ft³/h (50 m³/h) |
| 8" (0.2m) | 2,825 ft³/h (80 m³/h) |
| 12" (0.3m) | 35,300 ft³/h (1000 m³/h) |
| 16" (0.4m) | 18,363 ft³/h (520 m³/h) |
| 24" (0.6m) | 18,000 ft³/h (500 m³/h) |
Umthengi onokubakho kufuneka axoxe ngokukhetha kunye neemfuno kunye nomthengisi ukumisela olona hlobo lwe-dredger kunye nomthamo.
Iingcamango zokugqibela
I-Dredgers isetyenziselwa ukubuyisela isanti kunye negrabile, ukususa intlenga eqokelelweyo, kunye nokubuyisela iintsimbi ezixabisekileyo ezifana negolide. Iinjongo ezahlukeneyo zifuna iindidi ezahlukeneyo ze-dredger kunye neentlobo eziphambili eziwela kwiindidi ezimbini, oomatshini kunye ne-hydraulic.
Kumthengi onokubakho, eyona ngqwalasela iphambili iya kuba kukusetyenziswa okufunekayo kuqala, ngaphambi kokuba ukhethe uhlobo. Iingqwalaselo zeSekondari ziya kuthi ngoko zibe ubukhulu kunye namandla, kunye nobunzulu obulindelekileyo bokusebenza. Ukufumana ulwazi oluthe kratya kuluhlu olubanzi lwee-dredgers ezikhoyo, jonga i Cooig.com igumbi lokubonisa.
