Ngomthamo wemodyuli ye-PV enyukayo, ababoneleli beglasi baye batyala imali kumthamo omtsha weglasi yelanga. NjengaseIndiya naseTshayina, amaziko amatsha ayavela kuMntla Merika, aneejiji ezikhethekileyo zokuqinisekisa ukukhuphisana, njengokusebenzisa imathiriyeli ehlaziyiweyo.
Embindini ka-Matshi ka-2024, i-Silfab Solar yaseCanada, umenzi wemodyuli osebenza kakuhle kakhulu onezicwangciso zokwandisa ukuya eMzantsi Carolina, wathi uya kufumana iglasi kwi-US-based PV panel recycler Solarcycle. I-Solarcycle icwangcisa i-344 yezigidi zeedola zeglasi yeglasi kwiphondo lase-US laseGeorgia, ebonelelwa ngezinto zephaneli ezihlaziyiweyo.
“Sinochulumanco malunga nokukhula kwemveliso yelanga yasekhaya ukubonelela ngemisebenzi kunye nophuhliso lwe-R&D e-US,” iGosa eliPhezulu leSolarcycle (COO) uRob Vinje uxelele. pv imagazini.
Ukukhula kwehlabathi
UAndries Wantenaar, ophuma kwinkampani yobuntlola kwintengiso iRethink Technology Research, uthe “imfuno yeglasi yelanga ibonakala yomelele. Yimarike ekhulayo enamaxabiso azinzileyo.” Uye waphawula ukonyuka kwe-66% kuyo yonke indawo yomzi-mveliso welanga waseTshayina ngo-2023, kunye nokukhula okukhawulezayo ngakumbi ngaphandle kweTshayina, apho imveliso iphindwe kabini ukusuka kwi-65 GW ngo-2022, ukuya malunga ne-130 GW ngo-2023.
“Ukuba wenza iglasi yelanga, unemakethi enkulu kakhulu kwaye ekhula ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kweTshayina onokuthi uyithengisele,” utshilo uWantenaar. "Awuzukubambelela kwimeko yabenzi bepolysilicon baseNtshona, abathengi babo abangabenzi be-wafer e-China ngoku abathenga kubenzi bepolysilicon baseTshayina kuphela ngamaxabiso angaphantsi kweendleko zemveliso zaseNtshona."
Amaxabiso ezinto zeglasi azinzile. “Ixabiso leglasi yomgangatho welanga linenkani ubuncinci iminyaka elishumi ngoku kuba yimveliso eqikelelweyo,” utshilo uWantenaar. I-caveat kukuba iglasi yimveliso enamandla kakhulu, eyona nto ixabisa kakhulu, kwaye esinye isizathu sokuba iChina ilawula imveliso yayo. UWantenaar uqikelele ukuba iChina ibambe “malunga nama-90%” kwimarike yeglasi yelanga, ngaphezulu kwesabelo sayo semodyuli ye-PV engama-80%.
Amacala amabini
UWantenaar ukholelwa ukuba iglasi iya kumela isabelo esikhulu seendleko zemodyuli kwixesha elizayo, njengoko ezinye izinto zisiba nexabiso elithe kratya kunye nentsingiselo yemodyuli ye-bifacial, eneglasi kumacala omabini kuneglasi engaphambili edityaniswe ne-backsheet ye-polymer, iyaqina.
"I-Bifacial isandula ukuphumelela i-50% yesabelo semarike, ijonge kwimveliso yaseTshayina, kwaye iya kuqhubeka ikhula, mhlawumbi i-75% ngo-2030," watsho umhlalutyi.
Iimodyuli zeglasi ye-Bifacial ngokuqhelekileyo zisebenzisa iipaneli zeglasi ezimbini ze-2 mm, ngamanye amaxesha i-1.6 mm, ngokuchasene neepaneli eziqhelekileyo, ezibonisa i-3.2 mm yeglasi. Ukusetyenziswa kweglasi encinci kunokufuna iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokomeleza ubushushu kwaye oku kunokuchaphazela umgangatho.
Umkhwa oya kwiglasi yeglasi yinto abaphandi kwiSebe lezaMandla lase-US (DOE) iLebhu yeSizwe yaMandla aVuselelekayo (NREL) abajonge kuyo, malunga nokuqina kwemodyuli.
"Iglasi ebhityileyo ngokwenene ilungiselelwe ukuthunyelwa kunye nokuhanjiswa, kungeyomfuneko ukuba isebenze ngokuzinzileyo ebaleni," utshilo uTeresa Barnes, olawula ukuthembeka kwe-PV kunye neqela lokusebenza kwenkqubo kwi-NREL, kwaye usebenza njengentloko ye-DOE-inkxaso-mali ye-Durable Module Materials (Duramat) uphando lwe-consortium.
"Ngokwembali, iimodyuli ze-silicon ze-PV zenziwe ngeglasi egqunyiweyo kunye nesicatshulwa ngelixa ifilimu encinci isebenzise iglasi edadayo engena-antimony enobunzima obuyi-2 mm okanye i-3 mm," utshilo uBarnes. "Okubhityileyo kuyenzeka kodwa kunenkohliso ngenxa yenkqubo yobushushu bobushushu."
Kungenzeka ukuba imathiriyeli yeglasi eyenzelwe imarike yaseMntla Melika iya kuba neemfuneko zoomatshini ezahlukeneyo kunezinye iingingqi.
"Imozulu embi kakhulu, njengesichotho, inokuthetha ukuba iimodyuli zase-US ziya kufuna iglasi enomsindo omkhulu," utshilo uBarnes.
Kukho nemiqondiso efanayo evela eYurophu.
“Umkhwa apha kukufumana i-niches,” utshilo uMartin Zugg, umlawuli olawulayo we-Interfloat yomvelisi weglasi waseJamani, ephethwe yi-Borosil yaseIndiya. "Kunzima ukufumana i-niche kodwa sibona abavelisi bephuhlisa ngakumbi nangakumbi iimarike ze-niche ezintsha, ezibandakanya iiphaneli ezixhathisa isichotho ezifuna iglasi ebanzi, iimodyuli ezidityanisiweyo zophahla, kunye nezicelo zePV ezidityanisiweyo."
I-Interfloat ivelisa ngokwaneleyo i-iron ephantsi, i-high-transmission textured textured glass yelanga kwi-2 GW yeemodyuli ngonyaka. Yenza iglasi enobunzima obusuka kwi-2 mm ukuya kwi-6 mm, ngokwesiqhelo kunye nemilinganiselo yesicelo esikhethekileyo.
Ukusetyenziswa kweglasi engqindilili kunokunika abavelisi beglasi balapha ekhaya ithuba lentengiso kunye neendleko eziphantsi ezinxulumene nezothutho.
“Iglasi yinto ebiza imali eninzi ukuyithumela ngenqanawa,” yatsho iNREL’s Barnes. "Iindleko zolungiselelo, ukuthunyelwa, kunye nokugcinwa kwazo zonke zihlawulwa ngumenzi wemodyuli yePV."
Isiphumo sokuqala seSolar
Isigebenga sePV esekwe eMelika esekwe kwiFirst Solar sandisa umthamo nge-13 GW yemveliso yokusebenza ukusukela ngoSeptemba ka-2023, kunye nezicwangciso ze-25 GW zomthamo we-nameplate yonyaka wehlabathi ngo-2026, kunye ne-14 GW eUnited States.
Loo ndlela yokwandisa ibangela utyalo-mali kwishishini leglasi ukuyibonelela ngeglasi edadayo eyidingayo kwiimodyuli zayo ezibhityileyo. EUnited States, abavelisi be-NSG Group kunye ne-Vitro Architectural Glass baye babhengeza izivumelwano kunye nezicwangciso zemigca ezinikeleyo yokusebenzela i-First Solar.
E-Indiya, apho i-First Solar isandula ukusungula umzi-mveliso wayo wemodyuli oyi-3.3 GW Series 7, inkampani yemathiriyeli yaseFransi i-Saint Gobain kuxelwe ukuba izisa imveliso kwi-intanethi kwiplanti ekwilizwe laseTamil Nadu ukuze ibonelele umenzi waseMelika.
NgoNovemba 2023, i-NSG yathi iya kongeza i-transparent conductive oxide (TCO)-coated glass capacity e-Ohio ukubonelela nge-First Solar, icwangcisa ukuhamba ekuqaleni kwe-2025. I-NSG ivelise iglasi ye-TCO-coated glass ye-PV encinci yefilimu iminyaka engaphezu kwe-25.
“Nyaka ngamnye imarike yelanga iba nkulu yaye inkulu; imali eninzi, imithombo yobutyebi eyongezelelekileyo,” utshilo uStephen Weidner, okhokela i-NSG kuMntla Merika wokwakha iglasi kunye namaqela emveliso yelanga. "Sibona oku kwihlabathi jikelele."
Iglasi yelanga iya ibaluleka ngakumbi. "Akusekho nto kwiminyaka eyi-10 eyadlulayo, ukuya kwi-10% ukuya kwi-15% yobonelelo lulonke lwentengiso yeglasi ethe tyaba eMntla Melika," utshilo u-Weidner. “Injongo yethu kukukhula nemarike. Oko kuthetha ukuba ekupheleni [kowama-2024] siya kuba nemigca emithathu yokudada kuMntla Melika enikezelwe kwicandelo lelanga, eminye imigca emibini eVietnam, ekwaseMalaysia, esithe sayiguqulela kwi-TCO ukusuka kwiglasi yoyilo ngaphambili.
I-Vitro Architecural Glass yongeza umthamo wase-US ukubonelela ngeSolar yokuQala. Ngo-Okthobha ngo-2023, yabhengeza ukwandiswa kwekhontrakthi yayo kunye ne-First Solar kunye nesicwangciso sokutyala imali kwisityalo ePennsylvania, kunye nokulungelelanisa izibonelelo zeglasi zePV ezikhoyo. Inkampani yathi kwingxelo ilindele "ukukhula okubalulekileyo" kwishishini leglasi yelanga ngenxa yesiphumo "sokusondela" eUnited States.
Impembelelo ye-IRA
Ngaphandle kokuphembelela i-First Solar kunye ne-glass supply chain ekhulayo, imigaqo-nkqubo efana ne-US Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), iphinda ikhuthaze utyalo-mali lwe-crystalline ye-silicon, ibangela i-Canadian Premium Sand (CPS), umntu omtsha ovela eCanada, ukuba abhengeze iprojekthi yeglasi yepaneli yelanga. I-CPS iceba ukwakha umzi-mveliso e-Selkirk, eManitoba, ukuvelisa i-1.8 mm ukuya kwi-4 mm ii-module zemodyuli zeglasi ezinomthamo owaneleyo we-6 GW yeepaneli zelanga ngonyaka.
"Siqikelela imfuno kwingingqi yaseMntla Melika ukuba iglasi yepateni yelanga ifikelele phantse kwi-100 GW ngo-2030, iqhutywa kukuphinda kususwe ikhonkco lokubonelela ngephaneli yelanga e-US," utshilo u-Anshul Vishal, okhokela uphuhliso lweshishini kwi-CPS.
Ishishini libhengeze izivumelwano zokuyeka kunye nezinto ezifana nomvelisi wemodyuli waseSwitzerland uMeyer Burger, waseCanada waseHeliene, kunye neQcells, ezizezakwaSouth Korea's Hanwha. Iingxoxo ezongezelelekileyo zokuphuma kunye nabanye abathengi abanokuba neepateni zeglasi yelanga ziyaqhubeka, ngokuka-Vishal, ngezicwangciso zokufikelela kwi-100% yemeko yekontraka phambi kolwakhiwo.
Iprojekthi yeglasi ehlanganisiweyo yeCPS idinga i-CAD 880 yezigidi (i-$639 yezigidi) yotyalo-mali ukuseka umzi-mveliso kunye nokuphuhlisa indawo yesanti yesilika. Isicwangciso sibandakanya imigca emininzi yeglasi epholileyo kunye nepateni yelanga, kubandakanya imigca echaseneyo ne-anti-reflective kunye ne-anti-soiling coating, ukuba ibe kwi-intanethi ngo-2026.
“Yiprojekthi evunywe zii-arhente zorhulumente wephondo kunye norhulumente kwaye iimvume zokusingqongileyo zikhona,” utshilo uVishal. "Sisandula kuvavanywa imathiriyeli yesanti eYurophu, ethe yaqinisekisa ukuba siya kukwazi ukusebenzisa iinkqubo ezilula, ezinexabiso eliphantsi, kunye nezinoxanduva lokusingqongileyo ukuyicokisa ngokwemilinganiselo yeglasi yelanga."
I-CPS iya kukwazi ukucofa umxube wamandla weManitoba kwi-CO ephantsi2-ukukhutshwa kombane wamanzi kunye namandla omoya. Ukuba kuMmandla weSivumelwano soRhwebo ngokuSimahla kwisiza esiziintsuku ezintathu ukuya kwezine phezu komhlaba ukusuka kubathengi - ukuxhasa ukuhanjiswa okulula kunye nokuphazamiseka okuncinci okunokwenzeka - zezinye iingenelo ezinxulumene nendawo, ngokukaVishal.
Kuqeshwe ikhontrakthi yekontraka yokwakha umzi-mveliso weCPS. Iquka uHenry F. Teichmann, umakhi weplanti yeglasi yamazwe ngamazwe ehlala eUnited States; Ifemu yobunjineli baseFransi iFives Group; umthengisi wezixhobo zeglasi zaseTaliyane eBottero; kunye neefemu ezimbini zaseKhanada, i-Elrus Aggregate Systems, umboneleli wezixhobo zokulungisa izimbiwa; kunye nePCL Constructors, ifemu yobunjineli boluntu.
Iglasi esetyenzisiweyo
Njenge-CPS, isityalo esicetywayo kwi-Solarcycle yeminyaka emibini sinomthamo wonyaka kunye nemodyuli elingana ne-5 GW ukuya kwi-6 GW yomthamo wokuvelisa - kodwa usebenzisa iglasi ehlaziyiweyo. Ukusebenzisa imathiriyeli esetyenzisiweyo efunyenwe kwiiphaneli ze-silicon zekristale zokuphela kobomi kuthetha ukuba iglasi efunyenweyo inokwakheka kweekhemikhali ezifanelekileyo. Sele iyinto ephantsi ye-iron, njengoko i-Solarcycle's Vinje iyibona, kwaye oko kuya kunciphisa imfuno yamandla kunye nekhabhoni ekhoyo.
"Yeyona planti yokuqala yentsimbi eqengqelekayo eyokwakhiwa kwimarike yase-US," yatsho i-COO. "Okwangoku sifumana izibonelelo ezivela kubaboneleli bezixhobo zokusebenza zeglasi zamazwe ngamazwe ngelixa iikhontrakthi zobunjineli, ulwakhiwo, kunye nenkqubo engaphantsi komhlaba isaxoxwa nabanikezeli base-US."
Kwimisebenzi yi-800 yeemitha ubude bepateni yomgca wokuvelisa iglasi kunye namacandelo amabini okutshisa kunye nokubandayo. Ibandakanya ulwakhiwo olulungiselelwe ngokukodwa olunqamlezileyo lokuvuselela iziko oluphinda lusebenzise iigesi zokukhupha ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamafutha; izixhobo zokusebenza eziqengqelekayo ezishushu; kunye nokusika, ukugaya, ukuthambisa iglasi, kunye namanye amanyathelo enkqubo ebandayo efunekayo ukwenza iglasi yeemodyuli ezimbini kunye neglasi enye.
I-Solarcycle ayikuphela komthengisi weglasi ojonge ukuxhamla ekusebenziseni imathiriyeli ehlaziyiweyo. I-CPS yaseCanada ikwathi iceba ukusebenzisa i-cullet yeglasi esetyenzisiweyo kwimithombo yangaphandle kwiimveliso zayo ngelixa izinto ezithandwa yi-AGC yaseJapan kunye ne-Saint Gobain nazo zibhengeze iiprojekthi.
Lo mxholo ukhuselwe yi-copyright kwaye awunakuphinda usetyenziswe. Ukuba ufuna ukusebenzisana nathi kwaye ungathanda ukuphinda usebenzise omnye umxholo wethu, nceda uqhagamshelane: editors@pv-magazine.com.
Umthombo ovela pv imagazini
Ukuziphendulela: Ulwazi oluchazwe ngasentla lunikezelwa yi-pv-magazine.com ngaphandle kwe-Cooig.com. I-Cooig.com ayenzi lumelo kunye neziqinisekiso malunga nomgangatho kunye nokuthembeka komthengisi kunye neemveliso.
