Kwindalo yonke ye-electronics yabathengi, i-Central Processing Unit (CPU) isebenza njengentliziyo yokubetha kuyo nayiphi na inkqubo yekhompyutha. Idla ngokubizwa ngokuba "yingqondo" yekhompyuter, ukusebenza kwayo kunye nobuchule bayo buchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kunye nokusebenza kwemisebenzi yekhompyuter. Ukuqonda ii-CPU kubalulekile kuye nabani na ojonge ukwenza izigqibo ezinolwazi malunga notyalo-mali lwabo lobuchwephesha. Eli nqaku lijolise ekudambiseni ii-CPUs, ukuphula ubume bazo obuntsonkothileyo kwimibono enokugaywa.
Isiqulatho:
-Ukuvela kwee-CPUs
-Ukuqonda uyilo lweCPU
-Imilinganiselo yokusebenza ekufuneka iqwalaselwe
-Indima yee-CPUs kumdlalo
-Iindlela zexesha elizayo kuphuhliso lweCPU
Ukuvela kwee-CPUs
Uhambo lwee-CPU ukusuka kwiprosesa ezilula, ezinondoqo ukuya kwezona mini zintsonkothileyo, imimangaliso emininzi engundoqo bubungqina bobuchule bomntu. Ekuqaleni, ii-CPU zenzelwe ukwenza imisebenzi ye-arithmetic kunye nengqiqo, kodwa njengoko iteknoloji iqhubela phambili, indima yabo yanda. Ukuqaliswa kweesekethe ezidibeneyo kuphawulwe ukuguquka okubalulekileyo, okuvumela ukuba iiprosesa ezihlangeneyo kunye nezisebenzayo. Ukutyhubela iminyaka, ugqaliselo luye lwatshintshela ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kakuhle, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, kunye nokudibanisa ii-cores ezininzi ukusingatha imisebenzi ehambelanayo ngaphandle komthungo.
Ukuvela kwee-CPU akulona nje ibali lenkqubela phambili yobugcisa kodwa kunye nomboniso wokutshintsha iimfuno zabathengi. Njengoko usetyenziso lwesoftware lusiya lusiba nzima ngakumbi, imfuno yamandla okusebenza akhawulezayo nasebenzayo yakhula. Oku kutyhalele abavelisi ukuba benze izinto ezintsha ngokuqhubekayo, okukhokelela kuphuhliso lwee-CPU ezinokuthi zenze iibhiliyoni zokubala ngomzuzwana, ziguqula indlela esisebenzisana ngayo nobuchwepheshe.
Ukuqonda oku kuzivelela kubalulekile ukuxabisa amandla kunye nemida yee-CPU zangoku. Ibonelela ngesiseko sokuphonononga indlela eziye zabandakanyeka ngayo kwinkqubela phambili kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka kuphando lwezenzululwazi ukuya kwi-elektroniki yabathengi bemihla ngemihla.
Ukuqonda i-CPU yoyilo
Embindini wayo, uyilo lweCPU lubhekisa kuyilo kunye nokusebenza kweprosesa. Iquka yonke into ukusuka kwinani lee-cores kunye neentambo zokucubungula ukuya kwiseti yomyalelo enokuyiphatha. Ii-CPU zanamhlanje ziyamangalisa ze-microarchitecture, ukulinganisa amandla okusebenza ekrwada kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kunye nolawulo lobushushu.
Inkalo ephambili yoyilo lwe-CPU ngumahluko phakathi kwee-cores ezibonakalayo kunye nemicu enengqiqo. Ii-cores zomzimba zinokwenza imisebenzi ngokuzimeleyo, ngelixa imisonto enengqiqo, eyenziwa bubuchwepheshe obufana ne-hyper-threading, ivumela undoqo omnye ukuba uphathe imisebenzi emininzi ngaxeshanye. Oku kwandisa amandla e-CPU okulawula inkitha yeenkqubo ngokufanelekileyo, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kwiimo zemisebenzi emininzi.
Elinye icandelo elibalulekileyo yinkumbulo ye-cache, egcina idatha efumaneka rhoqo ukuze ifumaneke ngokukhawuleza. Ii-CPU ezinobungakanani obukhulu be-cache zinokwenza imisebenzi ngokukhawuleza, njengoko zinciphisa isidingo sokulanda idatha kwimemori ecothayo. Ukuqonda ezi nuances zoyilo kubalulekile ekulinganiseni ukusebenza kwe-CPU kusetyenziso lwehlabathi lokwenyani.
Iimetriki zokusebenza ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe
Xa uvavanya ii-CPU, iimetriki ezininzi zokusebenza ziyadlala. Isantya sewotshi, esilinganiswa ngegigahertz (GHz), sibonisa ukuba mingaphi imijikelo enokwenziwa yi-CPU ngomzuzwana. Ngelixa isantya sewotshi ephezulu sinokuthetha ukusebenza okukhawulezayo, ayisiyiyo yodwa emiselayo. Inani lee-cores kunye neentambo zikwachaphazela kakhulu indlela i-CPU ekwazi ngayo ukusingatha imisebenzi emininzi.
Enye i-metric ekufuneka iqwalaselwe ngamandla oyilo lwe-thermal (TDP), emele ubuninzi bobushushu obulindelwe yi-CPU. Oku kubalulekile kubakhi benkqubo, njengoko kuphembelela izisombululo zokupholisa kunye nokuzinza kwenkqubo ngokubanzi. Ukongeza, imiyalelo yomjikelo ngamnye (IPC) inika ukuqonda malunga nendlela i-CPU eqhuba ngayo imisebenzi kumjikelo wewotshi nganye, into ebalulekileyo ekuqondeni ukusebenza kwayo.
Ukuvavanya ezi metrics kufuna imbono elungeleleneyo. Ukujolisa kwinkalo enye kunokukhokelela kwizigqibo ezilahlekisayo malunga nesakhono se-CPU. Endaweni yoko, ukujonga indlela ezi zinto zisebenzisana ngayo kuya kubonelela ngembono ebanzi ngakumbi yokusebenza kwayo.
Indima yee-CPUs kumdlalo
Kubathandi bemidlalo, indima ye-CPU ayinakubaxa. Ayiphathi kuphela ingqikelelo yomdlalo kunye nokubala kwefiziksi kodwa ikwaphembelela amaxabiso esakhelo kunye nokutyibilika komdlalo jikelele. I-CPU enamandla iqinisekisa ukuba amakhadi egraphics awavalelwanga, evumela izigqibo eziphezulu kunye neenkcukacha ezithe chatha.
Ukubaluleka kokusebenza kweCPU kumdlalo kunabela kumava abadlali abaninzi kunye nokusasaza. Apha, ukukwazi ukulawula imisonto emininzi kuyabaluleka, njengoko kuchaphazela amandla e-CPU okuphatha iinkqubo zomdlalo kunye nemisebenzi yokufaka iikhowudi ngaxeshanye. Kubadlali abajonge ukusasaza umdlalo wabo wokudlala, i-CPU enenani eliphezulu leentsimbi kunye nemisonto iluncedo.
Njengoko imidlalo isiya iphucuka ngakumbi, ixhasa ukulinganisa okuphambili kwefiziksi kunye ne-AI, imfuno kwii-CPUs iyaqhubeka nokukhula. Oku kugxininisa imfuneko yabadlali ukuba baqonde iinkcukacha ze-CPU kunye nendlela abayichaphazela ngayo ukusebenza kwemidlalo.
Iintsingiselo zexesha elizayo kuphuhliso lwe-CPU
Ukujonga phambili, umkhondo wamanqaku ophuhliso lwe-CPU ukuya ekunyukeni kokusebenza kakuhle, amanani aphezulu angundoqo, kunye nenkqubela phambili kwi-nanotechnology. Njengoko i-push encinci, iichips ezisebenza ngakumbi ziqhubeka, sinokubona ii-CPUs zisebenzisa amandla aphantsi kunye namanqanaba aphezulu okusebenza.
Elinye lawona mathuba anika umdla kukudityaniswa kobukrelekrele bokwenziwa (AI) ngaphakathi koyilo lweCPU. Oku kunokuguqula indlela ii-CPU eziqhuba ngayo idatha, ivumela iinkqubo ezikrelekrele ngakumbi kunye nezilungelelanisiweyo zekhompyuter. Ukongeza, ukuvela kwe-quantum computing kubonisa utshintsho olukhulu kwizakhono zokusetyenzwa, nangona ukusetyenziswa kwayo okusebenzayo kwi-elektroniki yabathengi kuhlala kungumxholo wophando oluqhubekayo.
Ikamva le-CPU alikho nje ngesantya okanye amandla kodwa limalunga nokuchaza okunokwenzeka ngetekhnoloji. Njengoko simi eludinini lwezi nkqubela-phambili, ukubanakho ukusungula izinto ezintsha kwikhompyutha akunamida.
Isiphelo:
Ii-CPU zihlala ziphambili kwinkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji, ziqhuba amandla ombane wale mihla. Ukusuka ekuqondeni indaleko yabo kunye noyilo lolwakhiwo ukuthathela ingqalelo iimethrikhi zokusebenza kunye neendlela ezizayo, kucacile ukuba la macandelo angaphezulu nje kwehardware-lilitye lembombo lokusungula idijithali. Njengoko itekhnoloji iqhubeka nokuvela, indima yee-CPU ngokungathandabuzekiyo iya kwanda, ibumba ikamva lekhompyuter ngendlela esingekayicingeli.
