Kwixesha apho ubulunga bamanzi bungasenakuthatyathwa lula, iinkqubo ze-osmosis ezibuyela umva zivela njengesibane sococeko nokhuseleko. Esi sikhokelo sijonge ekusebenzeni okuntsonkothileyo, ukusetyenziswa, iindleko, kunye nokukhetha okuphezulu kweenkqubo ze-osmosis eziguqukayo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba wenze isigqibo esinolwazi malunga neemfuno zakho zokucocwa kwamanzi.
Isiqulatho:
-Yintoni inkqubo ye-osmosis ebuyela umva?
-Zisebenza njani iinkqubo ze-osmosis ezibuyela umva?
-Uyisebenzisa njani inkqubo ye-osmosis ebuyela umva
-Ixabisa malini inkqubo ye-osmosis ebuyela umva?
-Iinkqubo ze-osmosis eziphezulu ezibuyela umva
Yintoni inkqubo ye-osmosis ebuyela umva?
I-Reverse osmosis (RO) ziiyunithi ezintsonkothileyo zokucocwa kwamanzi eziyilelwe ukususa uluhlu olukhulu lwezinto ezingcolisekileyo emanzini ngokusebenzisa inwebu engangemi-permeable. Obu buchwephesha abupheleli nje ekukhupheni ityuwa kodwa budlulela ekususweni kwamasuntswana amancinane njengeeyoni emanzini, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe yimfuneko kumacandelo ahlukeneyo aquka indawo yokuhlala, yorhwebo, kunye nezoshishino. Undoqo wenkqubo ye-RO ilele kumandla ayo okubonelela ngamanzi angakhuselekanga nje ukuba asetyenziswe kodwa aphakamileyo kwincasa kunye nomgangatho.
Embindini wenkqubo nganye ye-RO kukho inwebu ye-RO, umaleko wefilimu obhityileyo odibeneyo osebenza njengesithintelo ngokuchasene nezinto ezingcolisayo. Ukujikeleza le nxalenye ephambili yizihluzi zangaphambili kunye nezihlungi ze-post-filters ezisebenza ngokubambisana ukukhusela i-membrane kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wamanzi, ngokulandelanayo. Uyilo lwale nkqubo lububungqina bokuhlangana kobunjineli kunye nenzululwazi yokusingqongileyo, nenjongo yokuhlangabezana nemigangatho engqongqo yomgangatho wamanzi namhlanje.
Iinkqubo ze-RO ziye zavela kakhulu kule minyaka idlulileyo, kunye nenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji ye-membrane kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo ekhokelela indlela. Iinkqubo zanamhlanje zixinene ngakumbi, ziwonga amandla, kwaye ziyakwazi ukuphatha uluhlu olubanzi lwezinto ezingcolisayo kunangaphambili. Olu tshintsho lugxininisa indima yeenkqubo ze-RO njengesisombululo esibalulekileyo kumngeni wehlabathi wokuqinisekisa ukufikelela kumanzi acocekileyo.
Zisebenza njani iinkqubo ze-osmosis ezibuyela umva?
Ukusebenza kwenkqubo ye-osmosis ebuyela umva kuyamangalisa kwisayensi yanamhlanje, kusetyenziswa imigaqo yefiziksi ukuhlutha ukungcola kwamanzi. Inkqubo iqala ngokunyanzeliswa kwamanzi phantsi koxinzelelo nge-semi-permeable RO membrane. Imingxuma emincinci yale membrane ivumela iimolekyuli zamanzi ukuba zidlule ngelixa zivala iimolekyuli ezinkulu kunye nee-ion, ezinjengeetyuwa, iibhaktheriya, iintsholongwane kunye neekhemikhali.
Ukusebenza kwenkqubo ye-RO kuxhomekeke kuxinzelelo oluhlukileyo kwi-membrane. Yilo xinzelelo olunyanzelisa amanzi nge-membrane, eshiya ukungcola ngasemva. Ungcoliseko olwaliwe luthi ke lukhukuliswe kumjelo wamanzi amdaka, adla ngokubizwa ngokuba yibrine. Oku kugungxulwa okuqhubekayo kuqinisekisa ukuba inwebu ihlala isebenza kakuhle kwaye yandisa ubomi bayo.
Inxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo ye-RO yinkqubo yonyango yangaphambili, ebandakanya ukucoca amanzi nge-sediment kunye ne-carbon filters ngaphambi kokuba ifike kwi-membrane ye-RO. Eli nyathelo libalulekile ekukhuseleni inwebu ekuvalelekeni nasekonakalisweni ngamasuntswana amakhulu kunye neklorini, ngaloo ndlela iphucula ukusebenza kwenkqubo kunye nokuqina.
Uyisebenzisa njani inkqubo ye-osmosis ebuyela umva
Ukusebenzisa inkqubo ye-osmosis ebuyela umva kulula ngokumangalisayo, ngenxa yoyilo kunye nobuchwepheshe obuye benza ezi nkqubo zisebenziseka lula kunye nokugcinwa okuphantsi. Inyathelo lokuqala lufakelo, olunokufuna uncedo lobungcali ukuqinisekisa ukuseta okufanelekileyo kunye noqhagamshelo kubonelelo lwakho lwamanzi. Nje ukuba ifakwe, inkqubo ifuna ukusebenzisana okuncinci, ukusetyenzwa kwamanzi ngokuzenzekelayo njengoko kufuneka.
Ugcino yinkalo ephambili yokusebenzisa inkqubo yeRO ngempumelelo. Ukutshintsha rhoqo izihluzi zangaphambili kunye nezasemva ngokweengcebiso zomenzi kubalulekile ukugcina umgangatho wamanzi kunye nokukhusela i-RO membrane. I-membrane ngokwayo ifuna ukutshintshwa rhoqo kwiminyaka emibini ukuya kwemithathu, kuxhomekeke kumgangatho wamanzi kunye nokusetyenziswa.
Ukubeka esweni ukusebenza kwenkqubo nako kubalulekile. Iinkqubo ezininzi zale mihla ze-RO ziza zixhotyiswe ngezalathisi okanye ii-alam ezilumkisa abasebenzisi ngemiba enokwenzeka, efana nokutshintsha kwesihluzi okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwenkqubo. Ukunikela ingqalelo kwezi zilumkiso kunye nokujonga amaxesha ngamaxesha kunokuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo yakho ye-RO iyaqhubeka nokubonelela ngamanzi akumgangatho ophezulu kwiminyaka ezayo.
Ixabisa malini inkqubo ye-osmosis ebuyela umva?
Iindleko zenkqubo ye-osmosis eguqukayo inokwahluka ngokubanzi ngokusekelwe kwizinto ezifana nomthamo, ubunzima, kunye nophawu. Kwiinkqubo zokuhlala, amaxabiso anokuqala ukusuka ngaphantsi kweedola ezingama-200 kwiimodeli ezisisiseko ezingaphantsi kwe-sinki ukuya ngaphezulu kwe-1,000 yeedola kwiinkqubo eziphucukileyo ezineempawu ezongezelelweyo ezifana nokuhlanjululwa kwe-UV okanye ukubuyiselwa kwamaminerali e-alkaline. Kubalulekile ukuqwalasela kungekuphela nje ixabiso lokuqala lokuthenga kodwa neendleko zexesha elide ezinxulumene nokugcinwa kunye nokutshintshwa kwesihluzo.
Iinkqubo ze-RO zorhwebo nezoshishino zinokubaleka ukuya kumawaka okanye amashumi amawaka eedola, ebonisa umthamo wazo omkhulu, ukuqina okuphezulu, kunye nobuchwephesha obuntsonkothileyo. Ezi nkqubo zihlala zifuna utyalo-mali olubalulekileyo lwangaphambili kodwa zinokubiza imali eninzi ekuhambeni kwexesha ngenxa yokusebenza kakuhle kwazo kunye nendima ebalulekileyo eziyidlalayo ekusebenzeni.
Xa uvavanya ixabiso lenkqubo ye-RO, kukwafanelekile ukuqwalasela ukonga okunokubakho kumanzi asebhotileni kunye neenzuzo zempilo zokufikelela kumanzi acocekileyo, acocekileyo. Utyalo-mali kwinkqubo ephezulu ye-RO inokuba sisigqibo esilumkileyo sempilo yakho kunye ne-wallet yakho.
Iinkqubo eziphezulu ze-osmosis eziguqukayo
Imarike izaliswe ziinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ze-RO, nganye ibanga ukuba ibonelela ngokucocwa kwamanzi okuphezulu. Phakathi kwabakhuphisana abaphezulu ziimpawu ezifana neKhaya leKhaya, i-APEC, kunye ne-iSpring, ezaziwa ngokuthembeka kwazo, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nenkxaso egqwesileyo yabathengi. Iinkqubo ze-Home Master's, umzekelo, zihlala zibonakalisa izinto ezintsha zoyilo ezifana nezihluzi zeemodyuli zokugcinwa lula kunye nokusebenza okuphuculweyo kokucoca.
Iinkqubo ze-RO ze-APEC zibhiyozelwa ngokuphila kwazo ixesha elide kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamacandelo aphezulu aqinisekisa umgangatho wamanzi ongaguqukiyo. Ngeli xesha, i-iSpring ibonelela ngoluhlu lweenketho ezifikelelekayo ezingathobekiyo ekusebenzeni, ukwenza amanzi acocekileyo afikeleleke kubaphulaphuli ababanzi.
Xa ukhetha inkqubo ye-RO, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela izinto ezinjengomgangatho womthombo wamanzi akho, ungcoliseko oluthile ekufuneka ulususe, kunye nomthamo wenkqubo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zakho zokusetyenziswa kwamanzi. Ukubonisana nengcali yonyango lwamanzi kunokukunceda ukhethe inkqubo ehambelana neemfuno zakho.
isiphelo
Iinkqubo ze-osmosis ezibuyela umva zimele incopho yobugcisa bokucoca amanzi, enika isisombululo esithembekileyo kumngeni wokufumana amanzi acocekileyo nakhuselekileyo. Nokuba kukusetyenziswa kwekhaya, ishishini, okanye kwimizi-mveliso, ezi nkqubo zibonelela ngokhuselo ngokuchasene noluhlu olubanzi lwezinto ezingcolisayo, ziqinisekisa ukuba amanzi owasebenzisayo akumgangatho ophezulu. Ngolwazi olunikelwe kwesi sikhokelo, ngoku uxhotyiselwe ukwenza isigqibo esinolwazi malunga nenkqubo ye-RO efanelekileyo kwiimfuno zakho, ivula indlela yonikezelo lwamanzi olusempilweni, olusulungekileyo.
