Amandla omoya ngumthombo wamandla ohlaziyekayo okhule ekuthandeni kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo njengoko abantu abaninzi, amashishini, kunye noorhulumente belizwe bafuna izisombululo zamandla ezicocekileyo nezizinzileyo kuluntu lwabo.
Iiinjini zomoya zisembindini woku njengoko zisebenzisa amandla omoya, nto leyo eyenza ukuba kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kweinjini yomoya ukuze ufumane okuninzi kumthombo wamandla. Kukho inani lezinto ezinokuchaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kweinjini yomoya, kwaye kweli nqaku, siza kujonga ezona ziphambili ekufuneka siziqwalasele. Kwakhona siza kuphonononga ukusebenza kwemarike yamandla omoya yehlabathi.
Qhubeka ufunde ukuze ufunde izinto eziphambili ekufuneka uziqwalasele njengoko usenza iiinjini zomoya kuluhlu lwakho lwempahla ngo-2024.
Isiqulatho
Isishwankathelo semarike yamandla omoya yehlabathi
Zisi-7 izinto ezichaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kweeinjini zomoya
Umthombo weeinjini zomoya ezifanelekileyo
Isishwankathelo semarike yamandla omoya yehlabathi
Ngoku ka Ukuqonda okuSpherical, Imarike yamandla omoya yehlabathi inexabiso lemakethi ye-USD 79.7 yebhiliyoni ngo-2021. Bekuqikelelwa ukuba iza kukhula ngesantya esihlanganisiweyo sonyaka sokukhula (CAGR) se-8.4% ukufikelela kwixabiso lemarike ye-USD 151.47 yebhiliyoni ngexesha loqikelelo luka-2022-2030.
Oyena mqhubi wolu kukhula kwemarike ibe kukukhula kwemfuno yemithombo yamandla acocekileyo, ahlaziyekayo kwihlabathi liphela ngelinge lokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni. Iziphumo zomgaqo-nkqubo kunye nezikhokelo zolawulo ezikhuthaza amandla azinzileyo zikhokelele ekwandeni kwemarike yamandla omoya yehlabathi.
Icandelo le turbine yomoya kuqikelelwa ukuba lilongamele le ntengiso ngaphezulu kwe 2022–2030 ixesha loqikelelo, iqhutywa kukuhambela phambili kwethekhnoloji kunye neendleko eziphantsi zeeinjini zomoya. Ngokukodwa, iibhleyidi ezisetyenziswa kwiiinjini zomoya ziya ziba banzi kwaye zikhaphukhaphu ngakumbi, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ukusebenza kweinjini yomoya ngendlela efanelekileyo.
Ngokuphathelele ulwahlulo lommandla, uMntla Merika (i-US, iCanada, kunye neMexico) kuqikelelwa ukuba yiyo ummandla okhula ngokukhawuleza Ngexesha loqikelelo, ngelixa iAsia-Pacific iya kulawula imakethi njengommandla kunye ne Isabelo esikhulu semarike kuma-57%. Ngaphakathi kulo mmandla, iTshayina yayinelona nani liphezulu lofakelo lweinjini yomoya, njengenxalenye yeenzame eziqhubekayo zikarhulumente zokukhuthaza ukukhula koshishino.
Zisi-7 izinto ezichaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kweeinjini zomoya
Ngoku sinombono wamathemba emarike yamandla omoya yehlabathi kunye nokukhula okulindelekileyo kwimfuno iinjuba zomoya, makhe sijonge ezinye zezinto eziphambili ezichaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kweinjini yomoya. Ulwazi lwezi zinto luya kunceda amashishini kunye nabathengisi bezixhobo zamandla bafumane uluhlu oluchanekileyo kunye nokubonelela ngenkxaso efanelekileyo kubathengi babo kwiihambo zabo zokuthenga.
1. Isantya somoya kunye nexesha lonyaka
Oku kunokuhamba ngaphandle kokutsho. Njengowona mthombo wamandla ongundoqo, isantya kunye nexesha lonyaka lomoya zizigqibo ezinamandla zokusebenza nokusebenza kakuhle kweeinjini zomoya. Isantya somoya kwisiza esithile simisela ubungakanani bamandla omoya anokuveliswa yiinjini yomoya.
Oku kungenxa yokuba isantya somoya sichaphazela ubungakanani bamandla ekinetic anokuthi abanjwe ziincakuba zeinjini yomoya ukuze adluliselwe kwijenereyitha. Ukuba zonke iiparamitha zithe gqolo, kuqikelelwa ukuba ukonyuka kwe-10% kwisantya somoya kunokubangela ukonyuka kwamandla omoya ngama-33%.
Ixesha lonyaka lomoya likwabalulekile ukuba liqwalaselwe, njengoko isantya somoya kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo siyakwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwixesha lonyaka kunye neemeko zemozulu ezikhoyo.
2. Ubuninzi bomoya kunye nobushushu
Enye into ephambili echaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kweenkqubo zeinjini yomoya kukuxinana komoya kunye nobushushu besiza somsebenzisi. Uxinaniso lomoya sisixa samasuntswana okanye ubunzima ngaphakathi kumthamo womoya onikiweyo, kwaye oku kuxinana kuchaphazela izinga lokuhamba kobunzima bomoya kwiinjini yomoya, ethi yona ichaphazele imveliso yamandla.
Ubushushu bomoya buchaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-injini yomoya ngenxa yokwanda kwe-thermal kunye nokucutheka kwezinto ezibangelwa ngamanqanaba ahlukeneyo obushushu bomoya. Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwejenereyitha kunye namalungu ombane we umoya ohamba nomoya, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ukuhlukahluka kokubili koxinano lomoya kunye nobushushu ukuze kulungiswe ngokufanelekileyo i-coefficient yamandla kunye nenkqubo yokupholisa.
3. Ubude behabhu okanye ukuphakama
Ngokuqhelekileyo, umoya uyanda njengoko ukuphakama kunyuka. Ngenxa yoku, iinqaba ezinde zeinjini yomoya ziyakwazi ukubamba amandla amaninzi. Le nto yokutshintsha kwesantya somoya kunye nobude ibizwa ngokuba yi-wind shear.
Kwiindawo eziphakamileyo zehabhu okanye ukuphakama okuphezulu, umoya uyakwazi ukuhamba ngokukhululekileyo njengoko kukho imiqobo embalwa ukusuka emhlabeni, njengemithi, iintaba kunye nezakhiwo. Ngoko ke, indawo yokuphumla umoya ohamba nomoya kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo, njengoko iyakumisela ubude be hub efunekayo kowona mthombo wamandla omoya uphezulu.
4. Idayamitha yeencakuba ezijikelezayo zeinjini yomoya
Idayamitha yerotha, okanye ububanzi obusetyhula obutshayelwe ziincakuba ezijikelezayo zeinjini yomoya, zinempembelelo enamandla kumandla abanjwe ziincakuba. Ububanzi berotha yee turbines zomoya bukhule ngokungaguquguqukiyo ekuhambeni kwexesha kwiinzame zokuthatha amandla omoya amaninzi ngokusebenzisa amaphiko amade.
Oku kuthetha ukuba iinjuba zomoya kunye neediameters ezinkulu ze-rotor ziyakwazi ukutshayela indawo enkulu, ngaloo ndlela zithatha umoya ongaphezulu kwaye, ngokulandelelana, zivelise umbane ongaphezulu. Ngoko ke kunokwenzeka ukuba nakwindawo enomoya omncinane ngokwentelekiso, i-injini yomoya enamaphiko amade inokubamba umoya okhoyo ngakumbi kunalowo unamaphiko amafutshane. Obu buchule bokuvuna umoya omninzi ngesantya esiphantsi somoya buphawula ukusebenza kakuhle okukhulu.
5. Ulawulo lwepitch kunye ne-yaw
Enye into echaphazela ukusebenza kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwe iinjuba zomoya lulawulo kunye nezicwangciso zokuphucula iiinjini zomoya. Ubuchule bokulawula ziindlela ezisetyenziswayo ukulawula ibhleyidi ye-injini yomoya, isantya serotha, itorque yejenereyitha, kunye ne-yaw angle. Izicwangciso eziliqili zokuphucula ziindlela ezisetyenziswayo ukuseka amaxabiso aphakamileyo kunye noseto lwezinto eziguquguqukayo zolawulo lweinjini yomoya njengoko zimiselwa ziinjongo zenkqubo yomoya kunye nemiqobo.
Ukuze usebenze ngokufanelekileyo ngakumbi kwi-injini yomoya, kubalulekile ukuphumeza izicwangciso zokulawula kunye nokuphucula ezisebenzayo kunye neziguquguqukayo. Isandi esilungiselelweyo kunye nolawulo lwe-yaw lwenza iinjuba zomoya ukuvelisa amandla kuluhlu olubanzi lwezantya zomoya.
6. Ulungiselelo lwee turbines efama
Uninzi lweefama zeinjini yomoya ziya kuba neeinjini zomoya ezingaphezu kwesinye kwindawo. Ngokubhekiselele koku, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba uyilo lweefama zomoya luphuculwe ukunqanda ukubekwa kwe turbine kumthunzi womoya wezinye iiinjini zomoya.
Amagqabi we iinjuba zomoya ibekwe ngaphambili kwifama yomoya idala imimoya ebhudlayo efikelela kwii turbines ezingasemva. Imeko elolo hlobo inokuwunciphisa kakhulu ubungakanani bamandla aveliswa ziiinjini zomoya ezingabekwanga kakuhle, njengoko zinokubamba amandla amancinci ngenxa yokuncipha kokusebenza kweblade okubangwa ngumoya obhudlayo.
7. Ukuthembeka kunye nokugcinwa
Ukuthembeka kweinjini yomoya kumiselwa kukuthembeka kwamanye amacandelo aphambili, kuquka iibhleyidi, i-gearbox, kunye nejenereyitha. Ukungaphumeleli kwezi nxalenye zingundoqo kuya kuwuphelisa umsebenzi ongundoqo weinjini yomoya yokuvelisa amandla, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuphelelweni kwexesha kunye nesidingo sokulungiswa nokutshintshwa.
Iinjini zomoya Uyilo olunamazinga aphezulu okuthembeka anefuthe ekusebenzeni kwenkqubo yeinjini yomoya iyonke. Kodwa ngaphaya koyilo kunye nokuthembeka kwamacandelo, kubalulekile kubasebenzisi ukuba babambelele kwiindlela zokulondoloza ezingaguqukiyo nezisebenzayo ukugcina ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokwandisa ukuveliswa kwamandla.
Umthombo weeinjini zomoya ezifanelekileyo
Ayizizo zonke iiinjini zomoya ezenziwe ngokulinganayo, kwaye kungoko kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele izinto ezahlukeneyo ezinefuthe ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwe iinjuba zomoya. Ezi zinto, kuquka isantya somoya, ukuxinana komoya kunye nobushushu, ukuphakama kwehabhu okanye ukuphakama, idiameter yerotor, amaqhinga okulawula, kunye nokuthembeka kwecandelo, kumisela ukusebenza kwenkqubo yeinjini yomoya kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokuveliswa kwamandla omoya.
Ukuba ujonge iiinjini zomoya ezisebenzayo ukuzongeza kwi-inventri yakho, ndwendwela Cooig.com kwaye ujonge uluhlu olubanzi lweemodeli zeinjini yomoya kunye nababoneleli beinjini yomoya ukuze ufumane iimveliso ezifanelekileyo kubathengi bakho.
