Isiqulatho
- Intshayelelo
-Ujongo lweMarike yeTelescope yangaphandle
-Iingqwalasela eziBalulekileyo zokuKhetha iTelesikophu eLungileyo yaNgaphandle
-OkuKhethiweyo kweTelesikophu yangaphandle ePhezulu ngo-2024
- Isiphelo

intshayelelo

Ukukhetha okugqibeleleyo iteleskopu yangaphandle ibalulekile kuye nawuphi na umntu othanda ukubukela iinkwenkwezi, esebenza njengesango lokujonga imimangaliso yesibhakabhaka ebusuku. Kubathengi bamashishini abakhangela uluhlu lweenkampani kunye neevenkile, ukuqonda ama-nuances ale nkqubo yokhetho kubaluleke kakhulu. Esi sikhokelo sibonisa ngokufutshane imiba ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyithathele ingqalelo kukhetho lwakho kwaye sibonisa ezona teleskopu zibalaseleyo zangaphandle zika-2024, uqinisekisa ukuba iminikelo yakho ibalasele kokubini ukusebenza kunye nesibheno.

Isishwankathelo seMarike yeTelesikophu yangaphandle

Imakethi yetelescope yangaphandle yehlabathi ibone ukukhula okuthe gqolo kule minyaka yamva nje, iqhutywa kukwanda kokuthandwa kwenzululwazi ngeenkwenkwezi kunye nomnqweno wamava okubona iinkwenkwezi. Ngo-2021, ubungakanani bemalike buqikelelwe kwi-USD 2.1 yebhiliyoni, kunye nesantya sokukhula esiqikelelweyo sonyaka (CAGR) se-4.5% ukusuka ngo-2022 ukuya ku-2030. UMntla Melika ngoku ubambe esona sabelo sikhulu semarike kwi-35%, ilandelwa yiYurophu kunye ne-Asia-Pacific. Ukunyuka kwengeniso elahlayo, kunye nomdla okhulayo kwimisebenzi yangaphandle kunye nokuphononongwa kwendawo, kulindeleke ukuba kukhulise ukukhula kwentengiso kwiminyaka ezayo.

Iingqwalasela eziBalulekileyo zokuKhetha iTelesikophu eLungileyo yaNgaphandle

Ubungakanani boMmbobo: Isitshixo sokuHlanganisa ukuKhanya

Indawo yokuvula, okanye ububanzi belensi engundoqo yeteleskopu okanye isipili, yeyona nto ibalulekileyo ekumiseleni umthamo wayo wokuqokelela ukukhanya. Imingxuma emikhulu iqokelela ukukhanya okungakumbi, okubangela ukubonwa kwezinto ezincinci zesibhakabhaka ngeenkcukacha ezinkulu. Xa ujonga iinkwenkwezi ngokunzulu, qwalasela iiteleskopu ezinemingxuma ubuncinane eyi-4 intshi (100mm) okanye ngaphezulu.

Isibonisi esizii-intshi ezi-6 siya kuveza iinkcukacha ezintsonkothileyo kumphezulu weNyanga okrazukileyo, iiringi ezimangalisayo zeSaturn, kunye neebhendi ezinemibala kunye neGreat Spot yeJupiter. Ukungena kwindawo enzulu, lo bukhulu bomngxuma buya kutyhila amaqela eenkwenkwezi ezimenyezelayo, i-wispy nebulae, kunye neminyele ethe qelele ngokucaca okumangalisayo. Nangona kunjalo, imingxuma emikhulu ihlala iza nobungakanani obandisiweyo kunye nobunzima, ngoko ke ukuphatheka kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukusetyenziswa kwangaphandle.

UBude obuGxinileyo kunye neRatiyo: Ukulungelelanisa ukukhuliswa kunye neNdawo yokuJonga

Ubude bojoliso, obulinganiswa ngeemilimitha, bumisela amandla okukhulisa iteleskopu kunye nendawo yokujonga. Ubude bokujongisisa okude bunika ulwandiso oluphezulu kodwa ibala lokujonga elimxinwa, ngelixa ubude benkangeleko obufutshane bubonelela ngommandla obanzi wokujonga kodwa ulwandiso olusezantsi. Ukuqwalaselwa okuguquguqukayo, ubude obuphakathi kwe-500-800mm bubetha ibhalansi, ikuvumela ukuba ukonwabele i-nebulae ebanzi kunye neqela leenkwenkwezi kunye neenkcukacha ezithe kratya kwiNyanga kunye neeplanethi. Umlinganiselo wojoliso, obalwa ngokwahlula ubude bendawo ngokuvuleka, ubonisa isantya sokuqokelela ukukhanya kweteleskopu.

Umlinganiselo osezantsi wefocal (umzekelo, f/5) uthathwa ngokuba “ukhawuleza” kwaye ufanelekile kwi-astrophotography, njengoko ziqokelela ukukhanya okungakumbi ngamaxesha amafutshane okuvezwa. Umlinganiselo ophezulu (umz., f/10) “ziyacotha” kodwa zinika umahluko ongcono wokujongwa kweplanethi. Nangona kunjalo, umlinganiselo okhawulezayo unokubonisa imiceli mngeni yokugxila ngenxa yeecones ezikhanyayo. Ekugqibeleni, umlinganiselo ogqwesileyo wojoliso uxhomekeke kwiinjongo zakho zokujonga kunye neemeko zokubonwa kwendawo. Umlinganiselo ophakathi kwef/6 ukuya kuf/10 ubonelela ngesiseko esiluqilima sokujongwa okubonakalayo kunye ne-astrophotography.

Izixhobo zamehlo kunye neZincedisi: Ukwandiswa koBugcisa bokuQwalasela

Ukukhetha okuguquguqukayo kwamehlo anobude obahlukeneyo bojoliso buvumela uluhlu lokwandiswa kunye nemimandla yokujonga. Izibonda zamehlo ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezinee-optics ezicatyiswe kaninzi kunye nokukhululeka kwamehlo okukhululeka konyusa amava okubona. Izibuko zamehlo zePlössl, ezaziwa ngokuba bukhali kunye nokwahlukileyo, lukhetho oluhle kakhulu lokujonga iplanethi. Amehlo abanzi-engile, njengalawo akuluhlu lwe-82-degree, anikezela ngembono enzulu yamabala eenkwenkwezi abanzi kunye nezinto ezinzulu zesibhakabhaka.

Izincedisi ezongezelelweyo, ezinjengeelensi zeBarlow, izihluzi, kunye ne-finderscopes, zandisa ngakumbi amandla eteleskopu kwaye zenza kube lula ukufumana izinto. Iilensi ze-Barlow zisebenza ngokuphindwe kabini okanye kathathu ukukhuliswa kwaso nasiphi na i-eyepiece, ebonelela ngendlela engabizi kakhulu yokwandisa ukuguquguquka. Izihluzi, ezinjengezenyanga kunye nezihluzi zeplanethi, ziphucula umahluko kwaye ziveze iinkcukacha ezifihlakeleyo kwiNyanga kunye neeplanethi. Izihluzi zongcoliseko olukhanyayo zinceda ukunciphisa ifuthe le-skyglow yasezidolophini, zenza izinto ezinzulu esibhakabhakeni zibonakale ngakumbi. I-Finderscopes, nokuba yi-optical okanye i-red-dot, yenza lula inkqubo yokujolisa kwiteleskopu kunye nokufumana iithagethi.

Ukuzinza kweNtaba: Ukuqinisekisa iNkwenkwezi eZinzileyo

Intaba eyomeleleyo kwaye ethembekileyo ibalulekile kumava okubukela okuzinzileyo, ngakumbi kukhuliso oluphezulu. Iintaba ze-equatorial zikhethwa zizazi ngeenkwenkwezi ezininzi ngokukwazi kwazo ukulandelela ngokulula izinto zasesibhakabhakeni njengoko uMhlaba ujikeleza, uzigcine zisembindini weso leliso. Ezi zinyusi zifanelekile kwi-astrophotography yexesha elide, njengoko ziphelisa ukujikeleza kwentsimi kunye nokunciphisa iindlela zeenkwenkwezi. Nangona kunjalo, ukunyuka kwe-equatorial kufuna ulungelelwaniso oluchanekileyo lwe-polar, olunokutya ixesha. Ukunyuka kwe-Alt-azimuth, ngelixa kulula ukuseta, kufuna uhlengahlengiso oluqhubekayo lwezandla ukuhlawulela ukujikeleza koMhlaba. Ezi zinyusi zikulungele ngcono ukujongwa nje okuqhelekileyo kunye nokujongwa komhlaba.

Ukunyuswa kweGoTo yekhompyuter, ezifumana ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye zilandelele izinto, ziya zithandwa ngakumbi ngenxa yokulula kwazo kunye nokusebenziseka ngokulula. Ngesiseko sedatha samawaka ezinto zasezulwini, ukunyuswa kweGoTo kukuvumela ukuba uchithe ixesha elininzi ubukele kunye nexesha elincinci lokukhangela. Nangona kunjalo, bafuna umthombo wamandla kwaye banokubiza kakhulu. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba luhlobo luni na, intaba enokwakhiwa okuqinileyo, iibheringi ezigudileyo, kunye ne-flexure encinci iya kuqinisekisa iqonga elizinzile le-telescope yakho, ekuvumela ukuba ujabulele ngokupheleleyo imimangaliso yesibhakabhaka ebusuku.

Umgangatho we-Optical kunye neeNgqungquthela: Ukuphucula ukucaca koMfanekiso

Umgangatho we-telescope's optics ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ububukhali kunye nokucaca kwemifanekiso eboniweyo. Jonga iiteleskopu ezineglasi ekumgangatho ophezulu kunye neelensi ezenziwe ngokuchanekileyo okanye izipili. Iiteleskopu eziphambili zihlala zisebenzisa iglasi ye-dispersion ephantsi kakhulu (ED) okanye ikristale yefluorite kwiilensi zazo ezinenjongo yokunciphisa ukuphambana kwechromatic, okunokubangela ukujika kombala kwizinto eziqaqambileyo. Imilinganiselo ye-Strehl, umlinganiselo womgangatho we-optical, kufuneka idlule i-0.95 ekusebenzeni kakuhle.

I-anti-reflective coatings, efana ne-optics ene-coated ngokupheleleyo, inciphisa ilitha kwaye iphucule ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya, okukhokelela kwimibono ecacileyo kunye neenkcukacha. Ezi zogquma, eziquka iileya ezininzi zemathiriyeli ezifana nemagnesium fluoride, titanium dioxide, kunye nesilicon dioxide, zinokunyusa ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya ukuya kuthi ga kwi-95% kwispectrum ebonakalayo. Iingubo ezikhuselayo kwizibuko, ezifana ne-aluminium ephuculweyo okanye i-dielectric coatings, ukuphucula ukubonakalisa kunye nokuqina. I-optical optics edibeneyo iqinisekisa ukulungelelaniswa okufanelekileyo kwendlela ye-optical, ukwandisa umgangatho womfanekiso.

Ukuphatheka kunye nokuLula kokuSeta: Ukuzisa iNdalo yonke kuwe

Kwabo baceba ukuthutha iteleskopu yabo kwiindawo zesibhakabhaka esimnyama okanye kwiindawo ezikude, ukuphatheka yinto ebalulekileyo yokuqwalaselwa. Iiteleskopu eziqinileyo kunye nezikhaphukhaphu, ezinjengezichasi kunye nezibonisi ezincinci zeDobsonia, zilungele ukujonga iinkwenkwezi ekuhambeni. I-Refractors, kunye noyilo lwazo olulula kunye nolulungelelanisiweyo, lufaneleke ngokukodwa ukuhamba.

Iimodeli ezininzi zibonakalisa izikhuselo zombethe ezibuyiswayo kunye nemida yokukhangela enokushenxiswa, ebavumela ukuba bangene ngokufanelekileyo kwingxowa okanye kwimithwalo. I-Dobsonias, ngelixa i-bulkier, ihlala ineetyhubhu ezidilikayo kunye neziseko ezithintekayo, zibenza baphatheke ngokumangalisayo kwi-aperture yabo. Ukongeza, iiteleskopu ezineenkqubo zokuseta ngokukhawuleza nangokulula ziqinisekisa ukuba ixesha elininzi lichithwa kujongwe kwaye lincinci ixesha elichithwe ekudibaneni.

Iiteleskopu zekhompyuter ezine-GPS eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi kunye nekhono lolungelelwaniso oluzenzekelayo likuvumela ukuba umise kwaye uqalise ukujonga ngemizuzu, nakwindawo ongayaziyo. Iiteleskopu ezenziwe ngesandla ezine-alt-azimuth elula okanye i-Dobsonia mounts nazo ziyaziwa ngokuthunyelwa kwazo ngokukhawuleza, zifuna indibano encinci kwaye akukho kulungelelaniswa kwepolar.

UKhetho lweTelesikophu yaNgaphandle ePhezulu ngo-2024

1. Celestron NexStar 8SE Computerized Telescope: Le teleskopu ye-Schmidt-Cassegrain ine-8-intshi yokuvula, inika amandla abalaseleyo okuqokelela ukukhanya kwiimbono ezineenkcukacha zeeplanethi, i-nebulae, kunye neminyele. Intaba ye-GoTo eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi kunye nolawulo lwesandla olusebenzisekayo luvumela indawo elula kunye nokulandela umkhondo, okwenza ukuba ilungele abaqalayo kunye nabakhi-mkhanyo abanamava ngokufanayo. Uyilo oludityanisiweyo lweteleskopu kunye netripod eyomeleleyo iyenza ibe lolona khetho lubalaseleyo kuzo zombini iiyadi yasemva kunye nokujonga kude. Iingubo ze-StarBright XLT ezibandakanyiweyo zongeza ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya ukuze kukhanye, kucace ngakumbi imifanekiso.

2. I-Sky-Watcher Flextube 300P SynScan Dobsonia: Ngombhobho omkhulu we-12-intshi kunye noyilo lwetyhubhu egobekayo, lo mbonakaliso we-Dobsonia unika amandla amangalisayo okuqokelela ukukhanya kunye nokuphatheka. Uyilo lwe-truss-tube luvumela ukuchithwa lula kunye nokuthutha, okwenza kube yinto efanelekileyo yokuhamba ngeenkwenkwezi kwiindawo ezimnyama. Inkqubo ye-SynScan GoTo ivumela umkhondo wezinto ezingenamsebenzi kunye nendawo, kunye nedathabheyisi yezinto zezulu ezingaphezu kwama-42,000. I-2-intshi ye-Crayford ekugxilwe kuyo kunye ne-50mm ye-finderscope iqinisekisa ukugxila okuchanekileyo kunye nokufumana into elula.

3. Orion ED80T CF Triplet Apochromatic Refractor: Le refractor yepremiyamu ine-80mm yokuvula kunye noyilo lwelensi ezintathu zokulungiswa kombala okhethekileyo kunye nemifanekiso ebukhali, eyohluko ophezulu. Iglasi ye-dispersion ephantsi kakhulu (ED) inciphisa ukuphambuka kwechromatic, okukhokelela kumbono ocacileyo, wemibala echanekileyo yeeplanethi kunye neenkwenkwezi. Ubungakanani bayo obubambeneyo kunye necala elithweleyo liyenza ilungele ukuhamba kunye ne-astrophotography. I-flattener yentsimi efakiweyo iqinisekisa ubukhali be-edge-to-edge, ngelixa i-double-speed 2-intshi ye-Crayford igxininise ivumela ukugxila okuchanekileyo.

4. Phonononga iScientific AR102 Doublet Refractor: Ine-102mm yokuvula kunye nelensi ephindwe kabini ekumgangatho ophezulu, le refractor inika iimbono ezimangalisayo zeeplanethi, iimpawu zenyanga, kunye nezinto ezinzulu zesibhakabhaka. Idizayini ephindwe kabini yomoya kunye ne-optics ene-coated ngokupheleleyo inika ukulungiswa kombala obalaseleyo kunye nokuhanjiswa kokukhanya. Icala le-aluminium elibandakanyiweyo kunye ne-tripod ehlengahlengiswayo iqinisekisa ukukhuselwa kunye nokuzinza ngexesha leeseshoni zokujonga. Iteleskopu yobude befocal eguquguqukayo kunye ne-2-intshi ye-dielectric diagonal iyenza ilungele ukujongwa okubonakalayo kunye ne-astrophotography.

isiphelo

Utyalo-mali kwiteleskopu ekumgangatho ophezulu yangaphandle ibalulekile ekuvuleni amandla apheleleyo okubona iinkwenkwezi. Ngokuqwalasela ngononophelo izinto ezinje ngokuvula, ubude bokujongisisa, uzinzo lwentaba, ukuphatheka, umgangatho wokukhanya, kunye nezixhobo, unokukhetha iteleskopu efanelekileyo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zabathengi bakho kwaye ugqithise ulindelo lwabo.

Ungalibali ukucofa iqhosha elithi "Bhalisa" ukuze uhlale uhlaziyiwe ngamanqaku amaninzi ahambelana neemfuno zeshishini lakho kunye nomdla kwi UCooig Ufunda ibhlog yezemidlalo.