IHydrogen, eyona nto ilula kodwa ininzi kwindalo iphela, iguquguquka ngendlela emangalisayo, kwaye isandula kusetyenziswa iiseli zepetroli ngenkqubo ye-electrochemical edibanisa i-hydrogen kunye neoksijini ukuvelisa amanzi kunye negesi. Ezi seli zinokubanako ukusombulula ezona ngxaki zicinezelayo ezinxulumene namandla. Ngelixa impikiswano iqhubeka malunga neenzuzo kunye neengozi zeeseli ze-hydrogen fuel, ayiphikiswanga ukuba i-hydrogen yindlela eco-friendly eco-friendly kumafutha e-fossil anokubonelela ngamandla aphezulu kwizityalo ezininzi zoshishino kunye neendlela zokuhamba.
Apha, siza kuntywila kwindlela iiseli zamafutha e-hydrogen ezima ngayo ukutshintsha ikamva lokusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nendlela amashishini eme ngayo ukuze axhamle kolu tshintsho.
Isiqulatho
Imarike yehlabathi yeeseli zamafutha e-hydrogen
Iinyani ezijikeleze iiseli ze-hydrogen-powered fuel
isiphelo
Imarike yehlabathi yeeseli zamafutha e-hydrogen
Imarike yehlabathi yeeseli zamafutha e-hydrogen yayinexabiso kuqikelelwa kwi-6.6 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2021, kunye neenkampani zeeseli zamafutha ukuba ziqhubeke nokusebenza ekwenzeni iiseli ze-hydrogen fuel zibe khaphukhaphu, zingabizi kakhulu ukuvelisa, kwaye zifuna iinxalenye ezimbalwa.
Ngaloo ndlela, imarike kulindeleke ukuba ixabise i-USD 19.5 yezigidigidi ngo-2027 kwaye irekhode i-CAGR ye-21% phakathi kuka-2022 kunye no-2027. Amanye amazwe apho ulwando lwexesha elizayo lubonakala lungenakuphepheka aquka iTshayina, iJamani neKorea.
Iinyani ezijikeleze iiseli ze-hydrogen-powered fuel
Nazi iinyani ezili-10 malunga iiseli zepetroli ezibenza bahluke kwezinye iindlela zokugcina amafutha:
Iiseli zamafutha ngumthombo wamandla ococekileyo
Iiseli zepetroli yehydrogen yima njengomthombo wamandla ococekileyo onempembelelo encinci yokusingqongileyo. Akukho ukutshisa okubandakanyekayo ekugcinweni, kwaye i-by-products ishushu kunye namanzi kuphela. Ukongeza, ngokungafaniyo nombane wamanzi okanye i-biofuel, akukho mfuneko yemimandla yomhlaba ebanzi ukuvelisa i-hydrogen.
I-NASA isebenzela ukusebenzisa i-hydrogen njengomthombo, kunye namanzi avelisiweyo njengemveliso ephumayo esetyenziswa njengamanzi okusela koosomajukujuku. Le nyaniso ibonisa indlela iiseli zepetroli zibubutyebi obungeyotyhefu, obubenza bongame kunamalahle, amandla enyukliya, okanye igesi yendalo.
Iiseli zeHydrojeni zinesandi esincinci okanye ungcoliseko olubonakalayo
Njengeminye imithombo yamandla, iiseli zepetroli musa ukwenza ingxolo egqithisileyo. Nkqu neenqwelo ezihamba nge-hydrogen zenza isandi esincinci kunezo zisebenzisa iinjini eziqhelekileyo zangaphakathi. Iinjini zemoto zemveli zibandakanya ukuqhuma kunye neengxenye zomatshini ezihambayo, ngelixa inkqubo ye-electrochemical kwiiseli zamafutha izolile kwaye ivelisa ingxolo encinci yomatshini. Esi sesinye sezizathu zokuba kuqikelelwa ukuba malunga ne-20% yezithuthi kwihlabathi jikelele ziya kunikwa amandla ngamafutha ngamafutha ngo-2030.
Uyilo olulula lweeseli zamafutha lunciphisa imfuneko yezinto ezintsonkothileyo zoomatshini ezinokuba negalelo kungcoliseko olubonakalayo. Uyilo olulungelelanisiweyo lwe iiseli zehydrogen iphucula ukuhambelana kwazo okubonakalayo ngezicelo ezininzi.
Iiseli ze-fuel zinezinto ezininzi
Ukuguquguquka kwe iiseli zepetroli ikwangunobangela ophambili ekukhuleni kwabo kubantwana. Izicelo zabo zisusela kwizithuthi ezinamandla kunye nezakhiwo ukuya kwizixhobo zombane eziphathwayo kunye nezinye izakhiwo zamandla.
Iiseli zamafutha e-Hydrogen nazo ziyaphononongwa kwimizi-mveliso yaselwandle kunye ne-aerospace. Olu tyekelo olubhekiselele kwi-hydrogen-based propulsion ijolise ekunciphiseni ukukhutshwa kunye nokudala impembelelo encinci yokusingqongileyo.
Iiseli ezisebenza ngeHydrojeni zinamaxesha okukhawuleza ukutshaja
Okona kumva Uyilo lweeseli zamafutha e-hydrogen baye bawanciphisa kakhulu amaxesha okutshaja. Oku kuphunyezwe ngokusebenzisa i-semi-cylindrical coil njengotshintshiselwano lobushushu lwangaphakathi, ukupholisa iseli ye-hydrogen eqinileyo ye-fuel yehle ngokukhawuleza, ethi incede ukuba ibize ngokukhawuleza.
Ngale ndlela, ixesha lokutshaja i-hydrogen liye lanqunyulwa ngama-59% xa kuthelekiswa naxa kusetyenziswa i-helical coil heat exchanger.
Iiseli ze-fuel zinika ixesha lokusebenzisa ixesha elide
Ubomi obuchanekileyo be-a iseli yamafutha ixhomekeke ekusetyenzisweni kwayo kuba iibhetri ziphuma ngamaxabiso awohlukeneyo ngokwezicelo zazo. Umzekelo, iimoto ze-hydrogen fuel cell zinokuhamba umndilili we-312 kunye ne-380 yeemayile ngaphambi kokugcwalisa i-refueling. Imfumba yamafutha kwiiseli zenzelwe ukusetyenziswa ubomi bonke, malunga ne-150,000 ukuya kwi-200,000 yeemayile. Xa ixesha lokuphila liphela, iiseli zepetroli zinokuqhawuka, kwaye iinxalenye zinokuphinda zisetyenziswe.
Eli xesha lingaphezulu koko kunikelwa zizithuthi zombane (EVs). Ubushushu bangaphandle abuchaphazeli ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-fuel cell. Ayiwohloki kwimozulu ebandayo njengaxa isetyenziswa kwii-EVs. Le perk yeeseli zehydrogen fuel iyandiswa xa idityaniswe namaxesha okutshaja okukhawulezayo.
Iiseli zamandla e-Hydrogen zinamandla ngakumbi
Iiseli zepetroli zingumthombo wamandla axinana kakhulu kunye namandla abalaseleyo. Ngokubanzi, i-hydrogen inowona mxholo uphezulu wamandla kuwo nasiphi na isibaso esiqhelekileyo ngokobunzima. I-liquid hydrogen kunye ne-high-pressure gases zine-gravimetric energy density ye-LNG kunye ne-diesel ngokuphindwe kathathu, kunye namandla omthamo afana negesi yendalo.
Ukusebenza kakuhle kwamafutha kuvumela ukuveliswa kwamandla amaninzi ngeponti yamafutha. Umzekelo, iziko lamandla okutsha livelisa umbane nge-33-35% esebenzayo ngokuthelekisa ne-65% yezinye iiseli zamafutha. Kwenzeka okufanayo kwizithuthi, apho iiseli zepetroli sebenzisa i-40-60% yamandla ngelixa unikezela nge-50% yokunqunyulwa kokusetyenziswa kwamafutha.
Itekhnoloji yeeseli zeHydrogen ifanelekile kuluntu lwasemaphandleni
Izityalo zamandla kumazwe amaninzi zikude kumaziko edolophu, kwaye uthungelwano lokuhambisa luyafuneka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba amandla ahanjiswa ngokuthe ngcembe kubathengi. Ngokunjalo, izisombululo ezibambekayo ziyafuneka ukunika amandla kuluntu lwasemaphandleni. Abaphandi bafumanise ukuba ukongezwa kwamandla kwiindawo ezinjalo akunakwenzeka ngokwezoqoqosho nangokwezobugcisa.
Ubulula kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwe iiseli zamafutha zibenze zibe ngumthombo wamandla ofanelekileyo kwimimandla yasemaphandleni. Ukusebenza kwabo kuzimele kuzo zonke iindawo ezihambayo kwaye kunobomi obude, obunokufikelela kwi-40,000h. Kwakhona, ezi zinokuqokelelwa ukuze zingqinelane neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zamandla.
Ukuthatha ithuba lenyaniso yokuba iiseli zamafutha zivelisa ubushushu namandla ngaxeshanye, zombini zingasetyenziselwa iinjongo ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, ubushushu bunokukhutshwa kwaye busetyenziswe kwi-heat ventilation kunye ne-air conditioning (HVAC) izixhobo. Umzekelo, eMzantsi Afrika, i-13% yamandla isetyenziselwa ukufudumeza indawo ngelixa i-32% isetyenziselwa amanzi ashushu.
Iiseli ze-fuel zinokusebenza njengamandla okugcina
Iiseli zamafutha e-Hydrogen ziye zaba bubugcisa obuthembisayo bokusetyenziswa kwizicelo zamandla ezigcinayo. Ugcino lwamandla lubhekiselele ekusebenziseni imithombo yombane yesibini ukunika amandla kwimeko yokucima kombane ngesiquphe. Oku kubalulekile kwiziseko ezingundoqo ezifana namaziko edatha, izibhedlele, kunye nothungelwano lonxibelelwano. Iiseli zamandla eHydrogen ukubonelela ngamandla athembekileyo kwiziseko ezinjalo, kunye nexesha eliphezulu kunye neemfuno zokugcinwa okuphantsi. Imibutho emininzi kwihlabathi jikelele isasaza iiseli zepetroli ukwenza uninzi lwezinto zayo.
Iiseli zeHydrojeni ziyaphatheka
Amandla aphathekayo ayimfuneko kubantu kunye nemibutho esebenza kwiinkalo ezininzi, kwaye ukuxhomekeka okuphezulu kwizakhiwo zamandla amakhulu kunokubangela izithintelo malunga nokuhamba. Ngethamsanqa, iiseli zamafutha ziye zavela njengesisombululo kwezi mfuno. Iinkqubo zamafutha eziphathwayo zinobunzima obungaphantsi kwe-10kg kwaye zibonelela ngamandla angaphantsi kwe-5kW.
Ncinane iiseli ze-micro-fuel ingasetyenziselwa ukunika amandla iifowuni eziphathwayo kunye neelaptops kwaye ibe neenzuzo ezinxulumene nokunciphisa ubunzima kunye noxinzelelo lwamandla xa kuthelekiswa neebhetri ze-lithium-ion. Kwelinye icala, amandla amakhulu aphathwayo abonisa isithembiso sosetyenziso olukude ngokwejografi njengezikhululo zemozulu.
Iiseli ze-fuel zinokudemokhrasi amandla
Ukuxhomekeka okugqithisileyo kumafutha efosili ukuvelisa amandla kukuphelisa iinkqubo zamandla kwaye kungcolisa indalo esingqongileyo. Iiseli zepetroli vumela imveliso yamandla esasazwayo enceda uluntu kunye namaqumrhu amancinci ukuba enze amandla amaninzi. Ukongeza, ukuncipha kokuxhomekeka kwiigridi zamandla akwindawo esembindini kunokunika abantu ngabanye kunye noluntu lwengingqi ulawulo olungaphaya, ukunceda ukunciphisa ithuba lokunyuka kwamaxabiso epetroli yefosili ngamaxesha apho isitokhwe sifutshane.
Ukuveliswa kombane okunatyisiweyo ngamafutha efosili kwandisa ukomelela ngexesha lokungaphumeleli kwegridi okanye iintlekele zendalo, kwaye ukuveliswa kwamandla kwindawo kuthetha ukuba izibonelelo ezibalulekileyo kunye neenkonzo zinokuqhubeka nokusebenza nangona igridi ephakathi iphazamisekile.
isiphelo
Uphando oluqhubayo lugxile ekuchongeni nasekuphuhliseni itekhnoloji yeeseli zamafutha ukunciphisa iindleko kunye nokwandisa ubomi bezinto zokupakishwa kweeseli zamafutha njenge-catalysts, iimembrane, iipleyiti ze-bipolar, kunye ne-membrane-electrode assemblies. Iinkqubo zokwenziwa kwemithamo ephezulu kunye neendleko eziphantsi ziyakwenza ukuba izakhiwo zeeseli zamafutha zibe neendleko ezifikelelekayo kubuchwephesha obuqhelekileyo.
Ezi ntlobo zeeseli zamafutha eziphuculweyo ziya zisanda ukunceda uluntu kunye namashishini adinga amandla. Njengoko iteknoloji iphucuka, sinokuyibona isetyenziswa kuwo onke amacandelo oluntu.
Ukuba ujonge ukufumana itekhnoloji yamva nje yeeseli zamafutha, khangela amawaka okhetho oluvela kubaboneleli abathembekileyo Cooig.com.
